Cancer metastasis and cancer stem cell/niche / edited by Takanori Kawaguchi. -- Sharjah : Bentham Science Publishers, 2016. – (64.81/C215m)

Contents

FOREWORD  i

PREFACE  iii

BIOGRAPHY  iv

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS  v

CHAPTER 1  FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CANCER STEM CELLS, THE CANCER STEM CELL NICHE AND METASTASIS  3

      INTRODUCTION  4

      FEATURES OF STEMNESS    4

      CONCLUSION  v  15

      CONFLICT OF INTEREST  16

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  17

      REFERENCES  17

CHAPTER 2  REGULATION OF CELL SURFACE GLYCAN EXPRESSION IN CANCER STEM CELLS

      INTRODUCTION  25

      CANCER STEM CELLS AND EPIGENETIC SILENCING OF GLYCOGENES  25

      ENHANCED STEMNESS AND ALTERED GLYCAN EXPRESSION BY TUMOR HYPOXIA  34

      STEM CELLS AND GLYCAN ALTERATION IN EPITHELIO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION

      GLYCANS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS AND CANCER STEM CELLS  42

      CONCLUSION  48

      CONFLICT OF INTEREST  49

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  49

      REFERENCES  49

CHAPTER 3  TUMOR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND CANCER PROGRESSION  61

      TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS  62

      TUMOR BLOOD VESSELS ARE MORPHOLOGICALLY ABNORMAL  62

      DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TUMOR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND NORMAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS  64

      HETEROGENEITY OF NORMAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS  65

      TEC HETEROGENEITY  65

      DRUG RESISTANCE AND CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITIES IN HM-TECS  66

      MECHANISMS OF TEC HETEROGENEITY  67

      CONCLUSION  68

      FUNDING  68

      DISCLOSURE  68

      CONFLICT OF INTEREST  69

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  69

      REFERENCES  69

CHAPTER 4  METASTATIC CANCER STEM CELL NICHE AND THE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 (TLR4)-MEDIATED PREMETASTATIC MICROENVIRONMENT  74

      I. OVERVIEW  74

      II. CANCER STEM CELL, RECENT PROGRESS  80

      III. CANCER STEM CELL MODELS  84

      IV. CANCER STEM CELL AND PRE-METASTATIC NICHE  85

      V. TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT AND CANCER STEM CELL NICHE  90

      VI. INTERACTION BETWEEN TUMOR CELLS AND STROMAL CELLS  91

      VII. DORMANT TUMOR CELLS  94

      VIII. CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS  96

      IX. RESHAPING PRE-METASTATIC NICHE MODELS  98

      X. CONCLUSION  99

      CONFLICT OF INTEREST  99

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  99

      REFERENCES  100

CHAPTER 5  CANCER STEM CELL AND CLINICAL CANCER METASTASIS IN SURGICAL ONCOLOGY

      INTRODUCTION

      CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF METASTASIS IN SURGERY  111

      BIOMARKERS OF CSC  113

      CSC AND PROGNOSIS      115

      CSC AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION IN SURGERY  I 17

      CONCLUSION  120

      CONFLICT OF INTEREST  120

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  120

      REFERENCES  121

SUBJECT INDEX  134