A laboratory manual in biophotonics / by Vadim Backman, Adam Wax, and Hao Zhang. -- Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2017. – (58.1716057/B126)

Contents

Preface  xi

Authors    xiii

1. General Introductory Topics  1

   Part 1: Fundamental Mathematics  1

  Part 2: Fundamental Biology  16

  References    37

2. Optics Components and Electronic Equipment  39

   Lenses   40

   Maintenance and Care of Optical Lenses    43

   Linear Polarizers  46

   Mirrors  46

  Filters  50

   Prisms  51

  Optical Fibers  53

  Optomechanical Equipment  56

  Charge-Coupled Devices  63

  Electrical Equipment  65

   Data Acquisition System  66

  Electrical and Light Safety    71

3. Fundamental Light-Tissue Interactions: Light Scattering and Absorption  73

   Principles of Light Scattering and Absorption  73

   Refractive Index of Biological Tissue  74

   Basics of Theory of Light Scattering and Absorption  7,8

   Scattering and Absorption of Light in Tissue by Small Particles  85

   Lab Discussion  99

   References  117

4. Microscopic Tissue Imaging  119

   Principles of Optical Microscopy    119

   Types of Contrast in Microscopy  124

   Depth Sectioning in Microscopy  134

   Laboratory Exercises  138

  Confocal Light Absorption and Scattering Spectroscopic Microscopy  155

   Laboratory Protocol  166

   Laboratory Protocol  173

   References  175

5. Tissue Spectroscopy  177

   Light Transport in a Medium with Continuously Varying Refractive Index  178

   Phase Function-Corrected Diffusion Approximation  182

   Laboratory 1: Building a Spectrometer  193

   Laboratory 2: Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy  196

   Laboratory 3: Measurement of Optical Properties of Tissue Using

   Spectroscopic Optical Coherence Tomography  200

   Laboratory 4: Depth-Selective Tissue Spectroscopy: Measuring Reflectance

   Impulse Response Function by Using Enhanced Backscattering  207

   Laboratory  223

   Laboratory 5: Depth-Selective Tissue Spectroscopy: Polarization-Gated

   Spectroscopy  227

   Laboratory    230

   References  232

6. Computational Biophotonics  237

  Overview of Computational Biophotonics Methods  237

   Laboratory 1: Designing a Spherical Particle Suspension to Mimic Scattering Properties  244

   Laboratory 2: Generalized Multiparticle Mie Algorithm  252

   Laboratory 3: Monte Carlo Simulations of Radiative Transport: Modeling Radial Probability Distribution from a Semi-Infinite Medium and Comparison with the Diffusion Approximation

   Probability Distribution from a Semi-Infinite Medium and Comparison with the Diffusion Approximation  258

   Laboratory 4: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method in Computational Biophotonics  267

   Laboratory 5: Modeling Random Refractive Index Distribution in Tissue: Creating Random Volumes with Specified Covariance  281

   References  286

Index  289