Control of pancreatic beta cell function and plasticity in health and diabetes / edited by David J. Hill. -- Sharjah : Bentham Science Publishers, 2016. – (59.57/C764)

Contents

FOREWORD

PREFACE

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

SECTION 1: ORIGINS AND  DEVELOPMENTAL  BIOLOGY OF β-CELLS

CHAPTER 1  UNDERSTANDING   THE  DEVELOPMENTAL  BIOLOGY   OF  β-CELL AS A STRATEGY FOR DIABETES REVERSAL

      GENETIC NETWORK CONTROLLING PANCREATIC DEVELOPMENT  4

      THE PANCREATIC MESENCHYME AND GROWTH FACTORS  5

      ROLE OF NUTRIENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF β-CELLS    7

      IMPORTANCE OF THE PARTIAL PRESSURE OF OXYGEN IN THE INTRAUTERINE MILIEU  8

      OXIDATIVE STRESS AND β-CELL DEVELOPMENT  9

      FROM DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY STUDIES TO INNOVATIVE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES  11

      THE GENETICS OF PANCREAS EMBRYOGENESIS AND THE OCCURRENCE OF DIABETES     13

      CONFLICT OF INTEREST    14

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  14

      REFERENCES    15

CHAPTER 2  AGING  AND β-CELL  PROLIFERATION,  MOLECULAR  AND  SIGNALING CHANGES AND WHAT THIS MEANS FOR TARGETED REGENERATION  20

      AGING AND DIABETES  21

      β-CELL PROLIFERATION AND AGING  21

      AGING AND ADAPTIVE β-CELL PROLIFERATION  23

      MOLECULAR AND SIGNALING CHANGES IN AGING  26

      SIGNIFICANCE FOR TARGETED β-CELL REGENERATION  32

      CONFLICT OF INTEREST  33

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  33

      REFERENCES  33

CHAPTER 3  HUMAN β-CELL MASS AND DISTRIBUTION IN HEALTH, AGING AND DIABETES 42

      INTRODUCTION  42

      HUMAN PANCREAS  43

      β-CELL MASS IN AGING AND DIABETES    47

     WHOLE PANCREAS ANALYSIS  49

      CONCLUDING REMARKS  51

      CONFLICT OF INTEREST    51

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS    51

      REFERENCES  51

SECTION 2:  FACTORS CONTROLLING β-CELL MASS AND FUNCTION

CHAPTER 4  GESTATIONAL PROGRAMMING OF β-CELL MASS AND PANCREATIC FUNCTION IN THE NEXT GENERATION  58

      INTRODUCTION  59

      ANIMAL MODELS OF FETAL PROGRAMMING OF THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS THROUGH NUTRITIONAL DEFICIT    59

      ANIMAL MODELS OF FETAL PROGRAMMING OF THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS THROUGH HYPERGLYCEMIA  62

      MECHANISMS OF FETAL PROGRAMMING OF THE PANCREATIC FUNCTION  63

      REVERSAL STRATEGIES FOR FETAL PROGRAMMING OF THE PANCREAS  72

      CONCLUSION  72

      CONFLICT OF INTEREST    73

     ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS    73

      REFERENCES  73

CHAPTER 5  MALPROGRAMMING OF β-CELL FUNCTION BY A DIETARY MODIFICATION IN THE IMMEDIATE POSTNATAL PERIOD  84

      INTRODUCTION  85

      EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES: 'PUP-IN-A-CUP' RAT MODEL  86

      MOLECULAR MECHANISM BY WHICH GLUCOSE CAN CONTROL β-CELL MASS  90

      IS IT POSSIBLE TO REVERSE METABOLIC PROGRAMMING IN ADULTHOOD?  98

      RELEVANCE TO OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES    99

      CONFLICT OF INTEREST  100

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.  100

      REFERENCES  101

CHAPTER 6  NEW CONCEPTS IN THE INTRA-ISLET CONTROL OF β-CELL FUNCTION AND MASS  107

      INTRODUCTION  108

      PARACRINE AND AUTOCRINE FACTORS REGULATING β-CELL FUNCTION  110

      CONCLUSION  117

      CONFLICT OF INTEREST  118

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  118

      REFERENCES  118

CHAPTER 7  β-CELL ADAPTABILITY DURING PREGNANCY  123

      INTRODUCTION  124

      CONCLUSION  150

      CONFLICT OF INTEREST  151

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  151

      REFERENCES  152

CHAPTER 8  GENERATION OF β-CELLS AND FUTURE APPLICATIONS β- CELLS FROM EMBRYONIC AND ADULT STEM CELLS AND PROGENITORS   169

      INTRODUCTION  169

      GENERATION OF β-CELLS FROM STEM CELL SOURCE  171

      REGENERATION OF THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS  174

      CONFLICT OF INTEREST  180

     ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  180

      REFERENCES  180

CHAPTER 9  INDUCTION OF β-CELL REGENERATION BY HUMAN POSTNATAL STEM CELLS 190

      INTRODUCTION  191

      HEMATOPOIETIC STEM AND PROGENITOR CELLS  195

      MULTIPOTENT MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS (MSC)  201

      ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS (EPC)  208

      CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS  211

      CONFLICT OF INTEREST  213

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS   213

      REFERENCES  213

SUBJECT INDEX  224