 |
Gene regulation, epigenetics and hormone signaling. volume 1 / edited by Subhrangsu S. Mandal. -- Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH, 2017. – (58.1484/G326/v.1) |
Contents
Preface XIII
Volume I
1
Eukaryotic Gene Expression by RNA Polymerase II 1
1.1
Introduction 1
1.2
Transcriptional Initiation of RNA Polymerase II Genes 1
1.3
Transcriptional Elongation of RNA Polymerase II Genes 5
1.4
Transcriptional Termination of RNA Polymerase II Gene 8
1.5
Capping of mRNA at the 5'-End 9
1.6
Processing of mRNA at the 3'-End
10
1.7
Splicing of mRNA 11
1.8
Nuclear Export of mRNA for Translation
13
1.9
Conclusion 17
References 17
2
Epigenetic Code: Histone Modification, Gene Regulation, and Chromatin
Dynamics 29
2.1
Introduction 29
2.2
Histone Modifications 31
2.3
Histone Lysine Demethylation 38
2.4
Histone Arginine Methylation 39
2.5
Histone Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation 40
2.6
Histone ADP-Ribosylation 42
2.7
Histone Ubiquitination 43
2.8
"Epigenetic Code" Hypothesis and Conclusion 44
Acknowledgments 48
List of Abbreviations 48
References 49
3
Histone Lysine Methylation, Demethylation, and Hormonal Gene
Regulation 59
3.1
Introduction 59
3.2
The Enzymes That Catalyze Histone Lysine Methylation and
Demethylation 60
3.3
Histone Lysine Methylation in Hormone Signaling 78
3.4
Perspectives 87
Acknowledgments
88
Abbreviations 88
References 89
4 The
Role of HATs and HDACs in Cell Physiology and Disease 101
4.1
Introduction 101
4.2
HATs and HDACs 102
4.3
Acetylation/Deacetylation in Chromatin-Associated Functions 107
4.4
HATs and HDACs in Cell Physiology
113
4.5
Associated Diseases 122
References 127
5
The Short and Medium Stories of Noncoding RNAs: microRNA and siRNA 137
5.1
Introduction 137
5.2
MicroRNA 140
5.3
Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) 151
5.4
Piwi interacting RNA 154
5.5
Transcription Initiating RNAs (TiRNAs)
155
5.6
Small Nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) 155
5.7
Conclusion 156
Acknowledgments 157
Abbreviations 157
References 157
6
Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA): Functions in Health and Disease 169
6.1
Introduction 169
6.2
Classification of lncRNAs 170
6.3
LncRNA: Functions and Mechanisms of Action 171
6.4
LncRNAs in Cancer 181
6.5
LncRNAs in Reproduction 185
6.6
LncRNAs in Myogenesis 187
6.7
LncRNA in Cardiovascular Disease
189
6.8
LncRNAs in Embryonic Development and Segmentation 190
6.9
LncRNA in Central Nervous System
190
6.10
LncRNAs in Neurological Disorders
191
6.11
LncRNA in Immune System and Immunological Disorders 193
6.12
Roles of lncRNAs in Various Heritable Syndromes 194
6.13
Conclusion 195
Acknowledgments 196
Abbreviations 196
References 197
7
Histone Variants: Structure, Function, and Implication in Diseases 209
7.1
Histone Variants: Structure 209
7.2
Implication in Diseases 219
Acknowledgments 221
References 221
8
Genomic Imprinting in Mammals: Origin and Complexity of an
Epigenetically Regulated Phenomenon 227
8.1
Introduction: First Evidences and Extent of Genomic Imprinting 227
8.2
Imprinted Genes: Common Features and Diversity of Regulatory
Mechanisms 229
8.3
Role of Imprinted Noncoding RNAs on Imprinting Control and Other
Functions 233
8.4
Parent-of-Origin-Dependent Epigenetic Marks and the Role of Chromatin
Modifications and Interactions in Imprinting
234
8.5
Imprinted Genes: Functions and Associated Diseases 238
8.6
Origin and Evolution of Imprinting
241
8.7
Summary and Conclusion 246
Acknowledgments 247
References 247
9
Centromere and Kinetochore: Essential Components for Chromosome
Segregation 259
9.1
Introduction 259
9.2
Centromeres 262
9.3
Kinetochores 269
9.4
Neocentromere 276
9.5
Conclusions 279
Acknowledgment 280
References 280
10
Nuclear Receptors and NR-coregulators: Mechanism of Action and Cell
Signaling 289
10.1
Introduction 289
10.2
Structures of Nuclear Receptors
292
10.3
Mode of Action of Nuclear Receptors
295
10.4
Nuclear Receptor Coregulators 297
10.5
NRs and NR-Coregulators in Human Diseases 308
10.6
NRs and NR-Coregulators as Drug Targets
310
10.7
Conclusion 313
Acknowledgments 313
Abbreviations 313
References 314
