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Neurochemical aspects of Alzheimer's disease : risk factors, pathogenesis, biomarkers, and potential treatment strategies / Akhlaq A. Farooqui. -- London : Academic Press, c2017 .—(64.1984 /F237) |
Contents
About the Author
Preface
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
1. Neurochemical Aspects of β-Amyloid Cascade
Hypothesis for Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Evaluation
Introduction
Properties and Roles of Amyloid Precursor
and Tau Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease
Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing
Nonamyloidogenic Signaling in the Normal
Brain
Amyloidogenic Signaling in Alzheimer's
Disease
Involvement of Aβ and Tau in
Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease
Degradation of Aβ in the Brain and Factors
That Modulate Aβ Clearance
Modulation of Levels of Aβ-Derived Diffusible
Ligands by Lipids and Carbohydrate Metabolism
Interactions of Aβ-Derived Diffusible
Ligands With Various Receptors and Other Proteins
Limitations of All Cascade Hypothesis
Conclusion
References
2. Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease
Introduction
Aging as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's
Disease
Diet as Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease
Sedentary Lifestyle as a Risk Factor for
Alzheimer's Disease
Disturbance in Sleep as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's
Disease
Genes as Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease
Environmental Factors as Risk Factor for Alzheimer's
Disease
Epigenetic Factors as Risk Factor for Alzheimer's
Disease
Conclusion
References
3. Contribution of Neural Membrane
Phospholipids, Sphingolipids and Cholesterol in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's
Disease
Introduction
Glycerophospholipids, Sphingolipids, and
Cholesterol as Precursors for Lipid Mediators
Sphingolipids as Precursors for Lipid
Mediators
Cholesterol as a Precursor for Lipid
Mediators
Alterations in Levels of Phospholipids, Sphingolipids,
and Cholesterol, and Involvement of Their Lipid Mediators in Alzheimer's
Disease
Conclusion
References
4. Contribution of Nucleic Acids in the
Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
Introduction
Oxidative Stress in the Brain
Effects of Oxidative Stress on
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Effects of Oxidative Stress on Mitochondrial
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Effects of Oxidative Stress on Ribonucleic
Acid
Nitrosative Damage to Nucleic Acids
Conclusion
References
5. Type II Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
as Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease
Introduction
Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to
Complications in Type II Diabetes
Type II Diabetes as Risk Factor for
Alzheimer's Disease
Metabolic Syndrome and Its Effects on the Brain
Metabolic Syndrome as a Risk Factor for
Alzheimer's Disease
Lipid Mediators in Type II Diabetes,
Metabolic Syndrome, and Alzheimer's Disease
Long-Term Consumption of High-Calorie Diet
as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease
Conclusion
References
6. Contribution of Neuroinflammation in the
Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
Introduction
Acute Neuroinflammation
Chronic Neuroinflammation
Activation of Microglial Cells in the Brain
Contribution of Microglial Cell in die
Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
Contribution of Astrocyte Activation in the
Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
Crosstalk Among Neurons, Astrocytes, and
Microglial Cells
Conclusion
References
7. Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease
Introduction
Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease in the Cerebrospinal
Fluid
β-Amyloid as a Biomarker for Alzheimer's
Disease
Tau and Phosphorylated Tau as Biomarkers for
Alzheimer's Disease
Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's Disease
Other Metabolic Biomarkers of Alzheimer's
Disease in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood
Olfactory Dysfunction as a Diagnostic Tool
for Alzheimer's Disease
Visual Dysfunction as a Diagnostic Tool for
Alzheimer's Disease
MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Alzheimer's
Disease
Limitations of Biomarker Assay Systems
Conclusion
References
8. Potential Treatments for Alzheimer's
Disease
Introduction
Cholinergic Strategies for the Treatment of
Alzheimer's Disease
Memantine for the Treatment of Alzheimer's
Disease
Secretase Inhibitors and Modulators for the
Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor
Agonists for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Statins for the Treatment of Alzheimer's
Disease
Mediterranean Diet and Alzheimer's Disease
Curcumin and the Treatment of Alzheimer's
Disease
Phytochemicals for the Treatment of Alzheimer's
Disease
Therapeutic Potentials of Neurogenesis for
the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Other Potential Therapeutic Targets for the
Alzheimer's Disease
Tau-Directed Alzheimer's Disease Therapies
Calorie Restriction and Alzheimer's Disease
Healthy Lifestyle and Alzheimer's Disease
Conclusion
References
9. Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's
Disease
Introduction
Active Immunization for Alzheimer's Disease
Passive Immunization for Alzheimer's Disease
Tan Antibodies for the Treatment of Alzheimer's
Disease
Nonimmunogenic Alzheimer's Disease Therapies
Related to Tau Protein
Conclusion
References
10. Perspective, Summary, and Directions for
Future Research on Alzheimer's Disease
Introduction
β-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's
Disease
Tau-Induced Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's
Disease
Challenges to Basic Research in Alzheimer's
Disease
Conclusion
References
Index
