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Manual of molecular and clinical laboratory immunology / edited by Barbara Detrick, John L. Schmitz, Robert G. Hamilton. -- 8th ed. -- Washington, DC : ASM Press, c2016. – (63.17073/M294m/8th ed.) |
Contents
Editorial
Board / xi
Contributors
/ xiii
Foreword:
How It Began / xxiii
Preface
/ xxv
Author
and Editor Conflicts of Interest / xxvii
Section A
GENERAL
METHODS / 1
1 Introduction / 3
2 Molecular Methods for Diagnosis of Genetic
Diseases Involving the Immune System / 5
3 The Human Microbiome and Clinical Immunology
/ 19
4 Protein Analysis in the Clinical Immunology
Laboratory / 26
section
B
IMMUNOGLOBULIN
METHODS / 47
5 Introduction / 49
6 Immunoglobulin Genes / 51
7 Immunoglobulin Quantification and Viscosity
Measurement / 65
8 Clinical Indications and Applications of
Serum and Urine Protein Electrophoresis / 74
9 Immunochemical Characterization of
Immunoglobulins in Serum, Urine, and Cerebrospinal Fluid / 89
10
Cryoglobulins, Cryofibrinogenemia, and Pyroglobulins / 101
11
Strategy for Detecting and Following Monoclonal Gammopathies / 112
Section
C
COMPLEMENT
/ 125
12
Introduction / 127
13 The
Classical Pathway of Complement / 129
14
Analysis of Activity of Mannan-Binding Lectin, an Initiator of the Lectin
Pathway of the Complement System / 133
15 The
Nature of the Diseases That Arise from Improper Regulation of the Alternative
Pathway of Complement / 138
Section
D
FLOW
CYTOMETRY / 145
16
Introduction / 147
17
Polychromatic Flow Cytometry / 149
18
High-Sensitivity Detection of Red and White Blood Cells in Paroxysmal Nocturnal
Hemoglobinuria by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry / 168
19
Standardized Flow Cytometry Assays for Enumerating CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem
Cells / 182
20
Functional Flow Cytometry-Based Assays of Myeloid and Lymphoid Functions for
the Diagnostic Screening of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases / 199
21 Acute
Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma: Diagnosis and Minimal Residual Disease
Detection by Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping / 207
22 Acute
Myeloid Leukemia: Diagnosis and Minimal Residual Disease Detection by Flow
Cytometry / 217
23
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, the Prototypic Chronic Leukemia for Flow
Cytometric Analysis / 226
24
Plasma Cell Disorders / 235
25
Future Cytometric Technologies and Applications / 251
section
E
FUNCTIONAL
CELLULAR ASSAYS / 259
26
Introduction / 261
27
Cryopreservation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells / 263
28
Lymphocyte Activation / 269
29
Functional Assays for B Cells and Antibodies / 280
30
Methods for Detection of Antigen-Specific T Cells by Enzyme-Linked Immunospot
Assay (ELISPOT) / 290
31
Regulatory T Cell (Treg) Assays: Repertoire, Functions/and Clinical Importance
of Human Treg / 296
32
Measurement of NK Cell Phenotype and Activity in Humans / 300
33
Functional Assays for the Diagnosis of Chronic Granulomatous Disease / 310
Section
F
CYTOKINES
AND CHEMOKINES / 321
34
Introduction / 323
35
Multiplex CytokineAssays / 324
36 Cytokine
Measurement by Flow Cytometry / 338
37
Chemokine and Chemokine Receptor Analysis / 343
38
Cytokines: Diagnostic and Clinical Applications / 357
39
Detection of Anticytokine Autoantibodies and Clinical Applications / 365
section
G
IMMUNOHISTOLOGY
AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY / 373
40
Introduction / 375
41
Immunofluorescence Methods in the Diagnosis of Renal and Cardiac Diseases / 376
42
Western Blot Analysis for the Detection of Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane
Antibodies and Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor Antibodies / 385
section
H
INFECTIOUS
DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA, MYCOPLASMAS, CH LAMYDIAE, AND RICKETTSIAE / 391
43
Introduction / 393
44
Diagnostic Methods for Group A Streptococcal Infections / 394
45
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Assessment of Eradication / 404
46
Laboratory Diagnosis of Syphilis / 412
47 Lyme
Disease, Relapsing Fever, and Leptospirosis / 419
48
Immunological Tests in Tuberculosis / 433
49
Mycoplasma: Immunologic and Molecular Diagnostic Methods / 444
50
Chlamydia and Chlamydophila Infections / 453
51 The
Rickettsiaceae, Anaplasmataceae, and Coxiellaceae / 461
52 The
Bartonellaceae, Brucellaceae, and Francisellaceae / 473
section
I
MYCOTIC
AND PARASITIC DISEASES / 483
53
Introduction / 485
54
Immunological and Molecular Approaches for the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections
/ 486
55
Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Fungal Infections / 503
section J
VIRAL
DISEASES / 535
56
Introduction / 537
57
Immunologic and Molecular Methods for Viral Diagnosis / 538
58
Herpes Simplex Virus / 550
59
Varicella-Zoster Virus / 556
60
Epstein-Barr Virus and Cytomegalovirus / 563
61 Human
Herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 / 578
62
Parvovirus B19 / 591
63
Respiratory Viruses / 598
64
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Viruses / 610
65 Viral
Hepatitis / 620
66 Viral
Agents of Gastroenteritis / 639
67 Arboviruses
/ 648
68
Diagnosis of Hantavirus Infections / 658
69
Rabies Virus / 665
70 Human
T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types 1 and 2 / 674
71
Diagnosis of Prion Diseases / 682
72
Principles and Procedures of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Diagnosis / 696
Section
K
IMMUNODEFICIENCY
DISEASES / 711
73 The
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases / 713
74
Severe Combined Immune Deficiency: Newborn Screening / 715
75
Combined Immunodeficiencies / 721
76
Antibody Deficiencies / 737
77
Hereditary and Acquired Complement Deficiencies / 749
78
Neutropenia and Neutrophil Defects / 765
79
Evaluation of Natural Killer (NK) Cell Defects / 774
section
L
ALLERGIC
DISEASES / 781
80
Introduction / 783
81
Quantitation and Standardization of Allergens / 784
82
Immunological Methods in the Diagnostic Allergy Clinical and Research
Laboratory / 795
83 Assay
Methods for Measurement of Mediators and Markers of Allergic Inflammation / 801
84 Tests
for Immunological Reactions to Foods / 815
85
Diagnosis of Rare Eosinophilic and Mast Cell Disorders / 825
Section
M
SYSTEMIC
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES / 839
86
Introduction / 841
87
Antinuclear Antibody Tests / 843
88
Detection of Autoantibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Bead
Assays / 859
89
Immunodiagnosis and Laboratory Assessment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus / 868
90
Immunodiagnosis of Autoimmune Myopathies / 878
91
Immunodiagnosis of Scleroderma / 888
92
Antibody and Biomarker Testing in Rheumatoid Arthritis / 897
93
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome: Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory
Diagnosis / 905
94
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) and Strategies for Diagnosing
ANCA-Associated Vasculitides / 909
95
IgG4-Related Disease: Diagnostic Testing by Serology, Flow Cytometry, and
Immunohistopathology / 917
96
Future Perspectives for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Autoimmune Diseases /
922
section
N
ORGAN-LOCALIZED
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES / 927
97 Introduction / 929
98 Endocrinopathies: Chronic Thyroiditis,
Addison Disease, Pernicious Anemia, Graves' Disease, Diabetes, and Hypophysitis
/ 930
99 Myasthenia Gravis / 954
100
Autoantibodies to Glycolipids in Peripheral Neuropathy / 961
101
Detection of Antimitochondrial Autoantibodies in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
and Liver Kidney Microsomal Antibodies in Autoimmune Hepatitis / 966
102
Cardiovascular Diseases / 975
103
Celiac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease / 983
104
Autoantibodies Directed against Erythrocytes in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia /
990
105
Immune Thrombocytopenia / 995
106
Monitoring Autoimmune Reactivity within the Retina / 998
Section O
CANCER /
1005
107
Introduction / 1007
108
Immunoassay-Based Tumor Marker Measurement: Assays, Applications, and
Algorithms / 1008
109
Malignancies of the Immune System: Use of Immunologic and Molecular Tumor
Markers in Classification and Diagnostics / 1015
110
Monitoring of Immunologic Therapies / 1036
111
Circulating Tumor Cells as an Analytical Tool in the Management of Patients
with Cancer / 1051
section
P
TRANSPLANTATION
IMMUNOLOGY / 1063
112
Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Testing in the 21st Century / 1065
113
Molecular Methods for Human Leukocyte Antigen Typing: Current Practices and
Future Directions / 1069
114
Evaluation of the Humoral Response in Transplantation / 1091
115
Non-Human Leukocyte Antigen Antibodies in Organ Transplantation / 1103
116
Evaluation of the Cellular Immune Response in Transplantation / 1108
117
Complement in Transplant Rejection / 1123
118
Molecular Characterization of Rejection in Solid Organ Transplantation / 1132
119
Killer Cell Immunoglobulln-Like Receptors in Clinical Transplantation / 1150
120
Chimerism Testing / 1161
Section Q
LABORATORY
MANAGEMENT / 1169
121
Clinical Immunology Laboratory Accreditation, Licensure, and Credentials / 1171
122
Validation and Quality Control: General Principles and Application to the
Clinical Immunology Laboratory / 1180
Author
Index / 1193
Subject Index
/ 1195
