Nutrient metabolism : structures, functions, and genes / Martin Kohlmeier. -- 2nd ed. -- Amsterdam : Elsevier Academic Press, 2015. – (61.115/K79n/2nd ed.) |
Contents
Preface xx
Acknowledgments xiii
List of Abbreviations xv
Introduction xxiii
CHAPTER 1 Chemical Senses 1
Smell 1
Taste 4
Intestinal Sensing 16
Physical Sensing and Chemesthesis 20
CHAPTER 2 Intake Regulation 25
Appetite 25
Thirst 32
CHAPTER 3 Absorption, Transport, and Retention 37
Digestion and Absorption 37
Microbiome 61
Renal Processing 69
The Blood-Brain Barrier 81
Materno-Fetal Nutrient Transport 87
CHAPTER 4 Xenobiotics : 95
Caffeine 95
Heterocyclic Amines 100
Nitrite/Nitrate 107
CHAPTER 5 Fatty Acids 111
Structure and Function of Fatty Acids 111
Overfeeding 143
Acetate 147
Myristic Acid 153
Conjugated Linoleic Acid 157
Docosahexaenoic Acid 164
Trans-Fatty Acids 174
Chlorophyll/Phytol/Phytanic Acid 179
CHAPTER 6 Carbohydrates, Alcohols, and Organic Acids 187
Carbohydrates 187
Glucose 191
Fructose 207
Galactose 213
Xylitol 219
Pyruvate 223
Oxalic Acid 228
Ethanol 231
Methanol 238
CHAPTER 7 Nonnutrients and Bioactives 243
Indigestible Carbohydrates: 243
Flavonoids and Isoflavones 247
Garlic Bioactives 260
CHAPTER 8 Amino Acids and Nitrogen Compounds 265
Structure and Function of Amino Acids 266
Starvation 291
Glutamate 294
Glutamine 302
Glycine 309
Threonine 316
Serine 321
Alanine 329
Phenylalanine 336
Tyrosine 342
Tryptophan 349
Methionine 359
Cysteine 368
Lysine 376
Leucine 382
Valine 389
Isoleucine 396
Aspartate 401
Asparagine 408
Arginine 413
Proline 423
Histidine 431
Citrulline 440
Taurine 443
Creatine 450
Carnitine 454
Melatonin 461
Choline 468
CHAPTER 9 Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Nonnutrients 479
Free Radicals and Antioxidants 479
Vitamin A 486
Vitamin D 501
Vitamin E 514
Vitamin K 526
Cholesterol 539
Lipoic Acid 553
Ubiquinone 560
CHAPTER 10 Water-Soluble Vitamins and Nonnutrients 567
Methylation 567
Vitamin C 570
Thiamin 580
Riboflavin 589
Niacin 599
Vitamin B6 6]0
Folate 620
Vitamin B 12 632
Biotin 642
Pantothenate 647
Queuine 654
Biopterin 657
Inositol 663
CHAPTER 11 Minerals and Trace Elements 673
Water 673
Sodium 679
Potassium 685
Chlorine 690
Iron 697
Copper 709
Zinc 716
Manganese 725
Calcium 730
Phosphorus 737
Magnesium 744
Iodine 748
Fluorine 755
Sulfur 758
Selenium 766
Molybdenum 773
Cobalt 778
Chromium 782
Boron 785
Silicon 89
Bromine 793
Arsenic 797
Vanadium 802
Nickel 805
CHAPTER 12 Applications
Genetic Variation
Nutrient Adequacy and Supplementation..
Nutrient Interactions
GRAS Database
Using Molecular Databases
Index 825