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Introduction to nutrition and metabolism / David A. Bender. -- 5th ed. -- Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, c2014. -- (61.1152/B458/5th ed.) |
Contents
Contents
List of figures
List of tables
Preface xxix
Additional resources on the CD xxxi
Author xxxvii
Chapter 1 Why eat? 1
Objectives 1
1.1 The need for water 1
1.2 The need for energy 3
1.3 Metabolic fuels 4
1.4 Hunger and appetite 6
Key points 18
Chapter 2 Enzymes and metabolic pathways 19
Objectives 19
2.1 Chemical reactions: breaking and making covalent bonds 19
2.2 Enzymes 22
2.3 Factors affecting enzyme activity 26
2.4 Coenzymes and prosthetic groups 37
2.5 The classification and naming of enzymes 41
2.6 Metabolic pathways 42
2.7 Enzymes in clinical chemistry and medicine 46
Key points 49
Further resources on the CD 49
Chapter 3 The role of ATP in metabolism 51
Objectives 51
3.1 The adenine nucleotides 51
3.2 Functions of ATP 52
3.3 The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP 63
Key points
Further resources on the CD 78
Chapter 4 Digestion and absorption 79
Objectives 79
4.1 The gastrointestinal tract 80
4.2 Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates 82
4.3 Digestion and absorption of fats 93
4.4 Digestion and absorption of proteins 103
4.5 The absorption of vitamins and minerals 109
Key points 113
Additional resources on the CD 114
Chapter 5 Energy nutrition: the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats 115
Objectives 115
5.1 Estimation of energy expenditure 116
5.2 Energy balance and changes in body weight 122
5.3 Metabolic fuels in the fed and fasting states 124
5.4 Energy-yielding metabolism 127
5.5 The metabolism of fats
5.6 Tissue reserves of metabolic fuels
5.7 Gluconeogenesis--the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors..
Key points
Further resources on the CD
Chapter 6 Diet and health: nutrition and chronic non-communicable dise
Objectives
6.1 Chronic non-communicable diseases (the 'diseases of affluence')
6.2 Types of evidence linking diet and chronic diseases
6.4 Nutritional genomics: interactions between diet and genes
6.5 Free radicals， oxidative damage， and antioxidant nutrients
Chapter 7 Overweight and obesity 209
Objectives 209
7.1 Desirable body weight 209
7.2 The problems of overweight and obesity 213
7.3 The causes and treatment of obesity 221
Key points 231
Chapter 8 Protein-energy malnutrition: problems of undernutrition 233
Objectives 233
8.1 Problems of deficiency 233
8.2 Protein-energy malnutrition 235
8.3 Marasmus 237
8.4 Cachexia 239
8.5 Kwashiorkor ... 241
Key points
Chapter 9 Protein nutrition and metabolism 245
Objectives 245
9.1 Nitrogen balance and protein requirements 245
9.2 Protein synthesis 255
9.3 The metabolism of amino acids 267
Chapter 10 The integration and control of metabolism
Objectives
10.1 Patterns of metabolic regulation
10.2 Intracellular regulation of enzyme activity
10.3 Responses to fast-acting hormones by covalent modification of enzyme proteins
10.4 Slow-acting hormones: changes in enzyme synthesis
10.5 Hormonal control in the fed and fasting states
10.6 Selection of fuel for muscle activity
10.7 Diabetes mellitus--a failure of regulation of blood glucose concentration
Key points
Further resources on the CD
Chapter 11 Micronutrients: the vitamins and minerals
Objectives
11.1 The determination of requirements and reference intakes
11.2 Vitamin A
11.3 Vitamin D 325
11.4 Vitamin E 331
11.5 Vitamin K 334
11.6 Vitamin B1 (thiamin) 338
11.7 Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) 341
11.8 Niacin 343
11.9 Vitamin B6 349
11.10 Vitamin B12 353
11.11 Folic acid 356
11.12 Biotin
11.13 Pantothenic acid
11.14 Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
11.15 Minerals
11.16 Nutritional anaemias 382
Key points 383
Index 385
