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Stem cell regulators / editor-in-chief, Gerald Litwack. — Amsterdam : Elsevier/Academic Press, 2011. – (58.1743/V837/v.87) |
Contents
CONTENTS
Contributors
Preface
1. Factors Regulating Pluripotency and Differentiation in Early Mammalian Embryos and Embryo-derived Stem Cells
I. Introduction
II. From Totipotency to Pluripotency
III. Inner Cell Mass (ICM): Pluripotent Cells in the Mammalian Embryo
IV. Embryo-Derived Stem Cells
V. Transcriptional Regulators of Pluripotency in Embryo-Derived Stem Cells
VI. Extrinsic Factors and Signaling Pathways Regulating Pluripotency and Differentiation
VII. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
2. Molecular Mediators of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology
I. Introduction
II. Mesenchymal Stem Cells
III. Differentiation of MSCs
IV. Self-Renewal
V. MSC Therapy
VI. Immunomodulatory Properties
VII. MI Therapy
VIII. Molecular Mediators of MSC Biology
IX. Enhancing MSC Survival in the Wound
X. Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins
XI. Mediating MSC Self-Renewal
XII. Conclusions
References
3. Insulin and Germline Proliferation in Coenorhabditis elegans
I. Germline Proliferation in C elegans: A Model for Developmental， Physiological， and Environmental Control of Cell Proliferation
II. C. elegans Germline Development
III. The C. elegans Germ line "Proliferation Versus Differentiation" Decision Is Mediated from the Soma to the Germ line by a Conserved Notch Signaling Pathway
IV. Evidence for Notch-lndependent Soma-Germ line Signaling Mechanisms That Modulate Germline Proliferation
V. A Counter-lntuitive Assay to Indentify Potential Notch-independent Mechanisms That Promote the Expansion of the Larval Germline Progenitor Pool
VI. Identification of the Insulin/IGF-Like Receptor (IIR) Pathway in Germline Proliferation
VII. IIR Signaling in C. elegans
VIII. Insulin Signaling Promotes the Larval Germline Cell Division Cycle
IX. C. elegans Insulins
X. Many Target Tissues for IIR Signaling
XI. Other Germline Roles for the IIR Pathway
XII. IIR Role in Larval Germline Proliferation: A Reproductive Timing and Lifespan Connection?
XIII. A Current Model and Future Directions
Acknowledgments
References
4. Generating Mature β-Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells: Strategies for Late-Stage Differentiation
I. Introduction
II. Signaling Pathways in β-Cell Differentiation
III. Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
5. Activation and Regulation of Reserve Liver Progenitor Cells 93
I. Introduction
II. Activation and Regulation of Mature Hepatocytes in Normal Liver Regeneration
III. Reserve Liver Progenitor Cells
IV. Hierarchical Responses in Liver Disease and Regeneration
References
6. Adult Cardiac-Derived Stem Cells: Differentiation and Survival Regulators
I. Introduction
II. c-kit-Positive Cardiac Cells
III. Conclusions and Future Prospects
Acknowledgments
References
7. TGF-131 Regulates Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
I. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
II. The Role of TGF-β1 in Differentiation of Bone Marrow MSCs
III. Summary
Acknowledgments
References
8. Maternal Intake of Folic Acid and Neural Crest Stem Cells 143
I. Introduction
II. Role of FA in Human Health
III. Mouse Models of NTD
IV. Neural Crest Development and Neural Crest Stem Cells
V. Role of FA in Neural Crest Development
VI. Folate Nonresponsive Genetic Mouse Models
VII. Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgments
References
9. Modulation of the Generation of Dopaminergic Neurons from Human Neural Stem Cells by Bcl-Xl: Mechanisms of Action 175
I. Introduction
II. Sources of Human DAn for Cell Replacement in PD
III. Epigenetic Cues and Genetic Manipulations to Improve hNSCs Differentiation Toward the A9 DA Phenotype
IV. Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
10. Glucocorticoid Hedgehog Agonists in Neurogenesis
I. Introduction
II. Select Glucocorticoids as Smoothened Agonists: Potential Effects for Neurogenesis
III. Mechanism of Action
IV. Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) of Glucocorticoid Smoothened Agonists
V. Conclusion
References
11. Effect of Progesterone on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
I. Introduction
II. Biological Roles of Progesterone
III. Mesenchymal Stem Cells
IV. Multipotent MSCs in Human Endometrium
V. Interaction Between Progesterone and MSCs
VI. Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgments
References
12. Regulation of Muscle Stem Cells Activation: The Role of Growth Factors and Extracellular Matrix
I. Cells Participating in Muscle Growth and Repair: Mechanisms of Activation
II. The Unique Ability of Skeletal Muscles to Regenerate
III. Muscle Stern Cells Activation: The Importance of Satellite Cell Niche 249
IV. The Interactions with ECM
V. Growth Factors Regulating Activation of Satellite Cells The Case of HGF
VI. Other ECM-bound Growth Factors Regulating Myoblast Proliferation and Differentiation
VII. Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
13. Thymosins and Muscle Regeneration
I. Introduction
II. Basic Properties of Thymosins
III. Physiological Activities of Tβ4
IV. Roles of Tβ4 in Skin Tissue Regeneration
V. Roles of Tβ4 in Heart Regeneration
VI. Roles of Tβ4 in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
VII. Signaling Mechanism Involved in the Chernotactic Activity of Tβ4
VIII. Concluding Remarks
References
14. MicroRNAs and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
I. Introduction
II. MicroRNAs
III. Mesenchymal Stem Cells
IV. miRNAs and Stem Cells
V. Role of miRNAs in MSC Differentiation
VI. The Role of miRNAs in Cell-to-Cell Communication
VII. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
15. MicroRNA and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
I. Introduction
II. miRNA Biogenesis and Mechanism
III. miRNA and VSMC Differentiation
IV. miRNA and VSMC Phenotypic Switch
V. miRNA and VSMC Neointima Hyperplasia
VI. miRNA and VSMC-Related Diseases
VII. Prospective Application of miRNAs as Therapeutics for Vascular Disease
Acknowledgments
References
16. Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Superfamily in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal
I. Introduction
II. Overview of TGF-Beta-Related Signaling
III. ES Cell Regulation by the BMP Pathway
IV. ES Cell Regulation by the Nodal Pathway
V. Interactions of TGF-Beta Signaling with Other Pluripotency Pathways 354
VI. TGF-Beta Signaling in Other Pluripotent Cells
VII. Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgment
References
17. The Biology of HIFα Proteins in Cell Differentiation and Disease
I. Introduction
II. HIF and Cancer
III. HIF and Stem
IV. HIF and Neurodegenerative Diseases
V. HIFs in Cardiac Ischemic Diseases
VI. HIFs as Target
VII. Conclusion
References
18. Regulatory Role of Klf5 in Early Mouse Development and in Embryonic Stem Cells
I. KIf5: A Kruppel-Like Transcription Factor
II. Multiple Functions of KIf5
III. Klfs in Reprogramming
IV. Gene Expression Network for the Maintenance of ESC Pluripotent State
V. KIf5 Function in ESCs
VI. KIf5 Role in Early Embryonic Development
VII. Klf5 Targets
VIII. KIf5 Connection to the Core Pluripotency Network
IX. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
19. Bam and Bgcn in Drosophila Germline Stem Cell Differentiation 399
I. Introduction
II. Barn Repression of Stem Cell Maintenance Factors
III. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
20. The Effects of Mechanical Loading on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation and Matrix Production
I. Introduction
II. Mesenchymal Stem Cells
III. Mechanical Loading
IV. Experimental Results
V. Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgments
References
Index
