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Molecular nutrition and genomics : nutrition and the ascent of humankind / Mark Lucock. — Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley & Sons, c2007. – (61.115/L941) |
Contents
CONTENTS
PREFACE x
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi
INTRODUCTION xii
Chapter 1—Defining Important Concepts 1
1.1 Key Concepts in Molecular Biology for the Study of Human Nutrition / 1
1.2 The Inheritance of Genetic Packets of Information / 9
1.3 A Brief Overview of Evolutionary Biology and the Ascent of Man / 10
1.4 The-omics Revolution / 13
Chapter 2--Molecular Mechanisms of Genetic Variation Linked to Diet 19
2.1 A Brief History of the Human Diet / 19
2.2 The Role of Milk in Human Evolution / 19
2.3 Micronutrients and the Evolution of Skin Pigmentation / 21
2.4 Micronutrients Optimize Gametogenesis and Reproductive Fecundity / 25
2.5 Direct Dietary Selection of a Human Metabolomic Profile / 29
2.6 The Evolution of Taste as a Survival Mechanism / 34
2.7 The Mystery of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Polymorphisms and Ethanol Toxicity / 36
2.8 Evolution of Xenobiotic Metabolism in Humans / 37
Chapter 3--Essential Nutrients and Genomic Integrity: Developmental and Degenerative Correlates 40
3.1 Micronutrients and Genomic Stability and Function / 40
Chapter 4—Nutrients and Cerebral Function in Human Evolution 51
4.1 Human Encephalisation May be Linked to an Evolutionary Reduction in Gut Mass / 51
4.2 Weaning and Brain Development / 52
4.3 Micronutrients and the Cerebral Basis of Spirituality and Social Structure / 54
4.4 Pharmacotoxicology of Plants and Cultural Evolution / 56
Chapter 5--The Evolution of Micronutrient Metabolism 58
5.1 Antioxidants， Evolution， and Human Health / 58
Chapter 6--Evolved Refinement of the Human Lifecycle Based on Nutritional Criteria 62
6.1 Human Breast Milk--An Evolved Food / 62
6.2 Conflict between Parent and Offspring over Nutrient Requirements / 65
6.3 Natural Selection for Foraging Efficiency / 70
6.4 Evolution of Senescence / 71
Chapter 7--The Evolution of Human Disease 74
7.1 The Conflict between Agriculture and Ancestral Genes / 74
7.2 Obesity: A Chronic Plague of our Affluent Societies / 79
7.3 Prion Protein Locus and Human Evolution: The Link Between Variant Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease and Cannibalism / 80
Chapter 8--Contemporary Dietary Patterns that Work: The Mediterranean Diet 82
8.1 Tomatoes / 82
8.2 Olive Oil / 83
8.3 Red Wine / 83
8.4 Bioflavonoids / 84
8.5 Fish / 85
Chapter 9--Some Non-Micronutrient Essential and Nonessential Nutrients with Molecular and Possible Evolutionary Impact 88
9.1 Lecithins / 88
9.2 Lipid-Derived First Messengers--The Eicosanoids / 91
9.3 Isoflavones--Genomic and Nongenomic Influence at the Estrogen Receptor / 93
9.4 Phytic Acid / 94
Chapter 10---Natural Food Toxins and the Human Diet 97
10.1 Dietary Zootoxins / 97
10.2 Dietary Phytotoxins / 101
Chapter 11—Nutrigenomics 102
11.1 What is Nutrigenomics? / 102
11.2 Genetic Buffering Underpins Nutrigenomic Relationships / 104
Chapter 12--The Evolution of Protein Function 110
Chapter 13--Leading Edge Laboratory Tools in Nutrigenomics and Human Evolutionary Studies 113
13.1 Denaturing HPLC / 113
13.2 DNA Sequencing / 113
13.3 Nucleic Acid Microchip Techniques / 114
13.4 The Polymerase Chain Reaction / 115
13.5 Protein Mass Spectrometry / 118
13.6 Bioinformatics / 119
References 123
Index 133
