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Molecular developmental biology / T. Subramoniam. — Oxford : Alpha Science International, 2008. – (58.178/S941) |
Contents
CONTENTS
Preface
1. Introduction
Chief events in animal development， History of thoughts and conceptual developments， Experimental embryology， Developmental genetics
2. Gametogenesis
Origin of germline cells in mouse， Origin and mechanism of germ cell lineage in other vertebrates， Migration of germ cells to genital ridge， Germ cells in the genital ridge and sex determination， Gamete formation， Significance of gametogenesis
3. Spermatogenesis
Sperm structure， Head， midpiece， and sperm flagellum， Types of sperm， Typical， Atypical spermatozoa， Sperm cell formation， Spermiogenesis， Primitive sperm type and external fertilization， Modified spermatozoa with internal fertilization， Endocrine regulation of spermatogenesis
4. Oogenesis
Ovary and germ cell development， Stages of Oogenesis， Composition of yolk， Vitellogenesis， Oogenesis in Amphibians， Previtellogenic phase， Vitellogenic phase， Heterosynthetic derivation of yolkl， Genetic control of vitellogenin synthesis in amphibians， Endocrine regulation of vitellogenesis and egg maturation， Oogenesis in Insects， Vitellogenesis， Vitellogenins and Vitellins， Vitellogenin uptake into the oocytes， Hormonal regulation of vitellogenesis， Genetic control of vitellogenin synthesis， Types of eggs， Egg envelopes and polarity， Types of eggs， Egg envelopes: Primary egg envelope， Secondary egg envelope， Tertiary envelopes， Polarity and symmetry
5. Fertilization
Sperm aggregation， Sperm activation， Chemotaxis， Sperm maturation and capacitation in mammals， Acrosome reaction， Sperm， Egg interaction， Sperm entry into the egg， Egg activation， Electrical events and prevention of polyspermy， Intracellular calcium release and egg activation， Signalling molecules and mechanisms of Ca2+ release， Cortical reaction， Physiological polyspermy， Fusion of male and female pronuclei， Post fertilization metabolic activation， Parthenogenesis
6. Cleavage
Mechanism of cleavage， Patterns of embryonic cleavage， Radial holoblastic cleavage， Spiral cleavage， Bilateral holoblastic cleavage， Rotational holoblastic cleavage， Amphibians， Meroblastic cleavage， Superficial cleavage， Determinate and regulatory embryos， Cell lineage， Nuclear transplantation experiments， Cloning， Transgenesis
7. Gastrulation
Molecular mechanisms determining germ layers formation， Factors affecting gastrulation， Cellular and molecular mechanics of gastrnlation movements， Types of gastrulation movements， Epiboly， Invagination， Involution， Ingression， Types of gastrulation in representative animal embryos， Sea urchin， Amphioxus， Amphibians， Neuwkoop centre， Exogastrulation， Gastrulation of avian embryos， Comparative aspects of gastrulation， Fate maps， Fate map of sea urchin blastula， Fate mapping in amphibian eggs， Fate map of chick embryo
8. EMBRYONIC INDUCTION AND NEURULATION
Inductive interaction and neurulation， Neurulation in amphibians， Mechanism of neural tube formation
9. Neural crest cells
Formation and migration of neural crest cells， Control of neural crest migration， The cranial neural crest， Tooth development， Neural crest cells and axial patterning， cardiac neural crest， Trunk neural crest， Mechanism of trunk neural crest migration
10. CELL DIFFERENTIATION
Mechanism of gene action during cell differentiation， Epigenetics， Factors influencing cellular differentiation
11. DEVELOPMENTAL GRADIENTS
Developmental gradients in Hydra
12. AXIS SPECIFICATION
Drosophila， Anterior-posterior polarity， Bicoid protein， Nanos and caudal proteins， Formation of terminal body structures， Dorsal-ventral polarity， Genetic control of body segmentation， Gap genes， Pair-rule genes， Segment polarity genes， The homeotic genes， Axial gradients in vertebrates (Xenopus)， Axis formation in mammalian embryos， Hox genes， Hox gene regulation of axial morphogenesis in mouse
13. DEVELOPMENTAL CYCLE AND MORPHOGENESIS IN THE SLIME MOULD DITYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM
Life cycle， Polarity， Pattern formation and morphogenesis， Role of mitochondria in growth/Differentiation transition， Gene expression during cell growth， Chemotaxis and Camp signalling， Morphogenetic gradients and pattern formation and gene expression
14. ORGANOGENESIS
Formation of vertebrate brain， Formation of brain regions， Placodes， Development of the eye， Heart formation in frog and chick， Frog， Formation of the primitive cardiac tube， Formation of the heart proper， Development of blood vessels and corpuscles， Chick， Urinogenital organogenesis， Pronephros， Mesonephros， Metanephros， Inductive interactions between the ureteric bud and the mesenchymal cells， Sexual differentiation， Freemartin and MIS， Genes involved in gonadal differentiation， Action of sex chromosomes in male and females， Origin and evolution of sex chromosome
15. PATI'ERN FORMATION AND DEVFAX)PMENT OF LIMB
Development of vertebrate limb bud， Origin of limb bud， Development of wing bud， Role of Hox genes in limb patterning， Cellular interaction within the developing wing bud
16. DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNE SYSTEM
Origin of the immune system， Organization of the immune system， Primary lymphoid organs， Secondary lymphoid organs， T Cells， B Cells， Natural killer cells， Macrophages， Dendritic and Langerhans cells， Other accessory cells， Immunoglobulins， Major Histocompatibility Complex， Expression of MHC molecules， MHC loci， Complement system， Cytokines， Neonatal immunity， Maternal immunity， Gene conversion， Disorders in immune system， Allergy， Auto immunity， Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome
17. EMBRYONIC NUTRITION
Oviparity and yolk utilization， Biochemical composition of yolk， Yolk utilization
18. EXTRA EMBRYONIC MEMBRANES
Extraembryonic membranes in birds， Yolk sac， Amnion， Chorion， Allantois， Extra embryonic membranes in mammals
19. PLACENTATION
Placenta of mammals， Implantation， Formation of placenta in Humans， Physiology of placenta， Evolution and classification of placenta， Yolk sac placenta， Allantoic placenta
20. GROWTH
Types of growth in multicellular organisms， Growth rate， Measurement of growth rate， Growth curve， Mechanism of Cell proliferation， Control of cell growth， Effect of growth hormone and mammalian growth
21. METAMORPHOSIS
Amphibian metamorphosis， Thyroid hormone receptor， Gene regulation during amphibian metamorphosis， Neoteny， Moulting and metamorphosis in insects， Ecdysteriods action during insect metamorphosis， Role of juvenile hormone in metamorphosis
22. REGENERATION
Types of regeneration， Regeneration in Hydra， Cell proliferation and loss during Hydra growth， Role of epithelial cells in Hydra regeneration， Axial patterning during regeneration， Morphogenesis during head regeneration， Regeneration in Planarians， Blastema formation， Urodele limb regeneration， Morphogenesis and redifferentiation， Sources of blastemal cells， Factors stimulating regeneration of limbs， Pattern formation in the blastema， Autotomy and limb regeneration in crabs， Hormonal control of regeneration in crab leg
23. EXPERIMENTAL EMBRYOLOGY
Mammalian reproductive cycle， Hormonal regulation of reproductive cycle， Endocrine changes associated with normal pregnancy， Induced ovulation in humans， Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer in cattle， Embryo splitting， In vitro fertilization， IVF in cattle， IVF in humans， Cryopreservation， Methods adopted in cryopreservation， Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa， Human embryo cryopreservation， Ethical issues in cryopreservation
24. STEM CEIJ. BIOLOGY
Molecular basis of self renewal and pluripotency， Discovery of stem cells， Culture of stem cells， Stem cell niches， Types of stem cells， Adult stem cells， Stem cell division， Types of adult stem cells， Haematopoietic stem cells， Mesenchymal stem cells， Multipotent adult progenitor cells， Skeletal muscle stem cells， Cardiac stem cells， Differentiation of embryonic cells into the cardiac lineage， Neural stem cells， Dermal stem cells， Gut stem cells， Stem cells in Hydra， Cancer stem cells， Embryonic stem cells， Origin of embryonic stem cells in mouse， Surface antigen markers and identification of ES cells， In vitro differentiation of ES cells in mouse， Gene expression during EB differentiation， Human embryonic stem cells， Telomerase expression， Gamete production from embryonic stem cells， Therapeutic use of stem cells， Regenerative therapy of the heart， Muscular dystrophy， Stem cell therapy of human central nervous system， Multiple sclerosis， Parkinson disease， Spinal cord injury and disease， Cell based therapy of motor neuron disease， stem cells as chaperones， Constraints in stem cell therapy， Ethical consideration of stem cell research
25. PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH OR APOPTOSIS 212
Processes associated with apoptosis， Incidence of Apoptosis， Apoptosis during animal development， Apoptosis in metamorphosis and morphogenesis， Apoptosis in C.elegans， Apoptosis in lens development， Apoptosis in neural cells， Apoptosis during vertebrate limb development， Apoptosis in immune cells， Apoptosis in response to DNA damage and cellular stress， Biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in apoptosis， Biochemical pathways in mammalian cell apoptosis， Role of BCL， 2 family proteins， Macrophage， induced apoptosis， Factors controlling apoptosis， Germ cell apoptosis during spermatogenesis， Apoptosis in female germ cells， Mechanism of oocyte apoptosis， Theories to explain female germline cell death
26. AGEING AND SENESCENCE
Cellular ageing， Reactive oxygen and cell senescence， Dietary restriction and anti， ageing action， Resistance to oxidative stress， Telomerase theory， Hayflick limit， Ageing of brain cells， Genetic control of longevity， C.elegans， Genetic control of ageing in yeast， Genetic control of ageing in mammals， Age， related diseases: Alzheimer's disease， Protein aggregation as a causative agent of age， related diseases， Aggregation of TAU protein， Cataract， Werner's syndrome
27. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION OF ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT
Effect of environmental contaminant on wildlife， Toxicity studies using embryonic stem cells
28. THE NEW SCIENCE OF EVO-DEVO: EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Developmental genes and evolution， Developmental basis of animal evolution， Study of homology， Hox genes and body axis formation， Hox genes and evolution of tetrapod limb， Homology in Wnt gene family， Hedgehog gene family， Developmental genes and evolution of animal form， Evolution and spread of Hox genes， Hox genes and body segmentation in arthropods， Evo-Devo and human evolution， Protein modification and evolution， Regulatory RNAs
29. PLANT DEVELOPMENT
Embryonic development in angiosperms， Post-embryonic growth， Meristems， Structure of shoot meristem， Leaf development， Pattern formation in leaf development， Patterning in leaf venation， Patterning in the epidermis， The vegetative to Reproduction transition， Flower development， Genetic pathways regulating floral transition， Homeotic genes and organ identity in the flowers， Root development， Regeneration and somatic embryogenesis， Transgenic plants
References
Index
