Statistical aspects of the microbiological examination of foods / Basil Jarvis. — 2nd ed. — Amsterdam ; Oxford : Academic, c2008. – (83.036/J38/2nd ed.)

Contents

    CONTENTS
    
    LIST OF TABLES
    LIST OF FIGURES
    LIST OF EXAMPLES
    PREFACE
    1 Introduction
    2 Some Basic Statistical Concepts
    Populations
    Lots and Samples
    Average Sample Populations
    Statistics and Parameters
    Variance and Error
    The Central Limit Theorem
    References
    3 Frequency Distributions
    Types of Frequency Distribution
    Statistical Probability
    The Binomial Distribution
    The Normal Distribution
    The Poisson Distribution
    The Negative Binomial Distribution
    Relationship Between the Frequency Distributions
    Transformations
    References
    4 The Distribution of Microorganisms in Foods in Relation to Sampling
    Random Distribution
    Regular Distribution
    Contagious (Heterogeneous) Distributions
    Effects of Sample Size
    References
    5 Statistical Aspects of Sampling for Microbiological Analysis
    Attributes and Variables Sampling
    Binomial and Trinomial Distributions
    Accuracy of the Sample Estimate
    Acceptance Sampling by Attributes
    Acceptance Sampling by Variables
    References
    6 Errors in the Preparation of Laboratory Samples for Analysis
    Laboratory Sampling Errors
    Diluent Volume Errors
    Pipette Volume Errors
    Other Sources of Error
    Calculation of the Relative Dilution Error
    Effects of Gross Dilution Series Errors on the Derived Colony Count
    References
    7 Errors Associated with Colony Count Procedures
    Specific Technical Errors
    Pipetting and Distribution Errors
    Limiting Precision and Confidence Limits of the Colony Count
    General Technical Errors
    Comparability of Colony Count Methods
    Overall Error of Colony Count Methods
    References
    8 Errors Associated with Quantal Response Methods
    Dilution Series and Most Probable Number counts
    Multiple Test Dilution Series
    Quantification Based on Relative Prevalence of Defectives
    Some Statistical Aspects of Multi-stage Tests
    References
    9 Statistical Considerations of Other Methods in Quantitative Microbiology
    Direct Microscopic Methods
    Indirect Methods
    References
    10 Measurement Uncertainty in Microbiological Analysis
    Accuracy and Precision
    Measurement Uncertainty
    How is Uncertainty Estimated?
    Reporting of Uncertainty
    Sampling Uncertainty
    The Use of Uncertainty Measures in Assessing Compliance
    References
    11 Estimation of Measurement Uncertainty
    The 'Generalized Uncertainty Method' (GUM) or Bottom-Up Procedure
    The Top-Down Approach to Estimation of Uncertainty
    Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
    Robust methods of ANOVA
    Measurement of Intermediate Reproducibility
    Estimation of Uncertainty Associated with Quantal Methods
    References
    12 Statistical Process Control (SPC) using Microbiological Data
    What is SPC?
    Trend Analysis
    Tools for SPC
    Setting Control Limits
    Shewhart's Control Charts for Variables Data
    Conclusion
    References
    13 Validation of Microbiological Methods For Food (Dr Sharon Brunelle， Brunelle Biotech Consulting， Technical Consultant to AOAC International and AOAC Research Institute， Woodinville， WA， USA)
    The Stages of Method Development
    What is Validation?
    Future Directions
    References
    14 Risk Assessment， Food Safety Objectives and Microbiological Criteria for Foods
    Food Safety Objectives and Risk Assessment
    Microbiological Criteria
    The Relevance of Microbial Measurement Uncertainty to Microbiological Criteria
    Conclusion
    References
    INDEX