Advanced nutrition : macronutrients, micronutrients, and metabolism / Carolyn D. Berdanier, Janos Zempleni. — Boca Raton, Fla. ; London : CRC Press, c2009. – (61.1154/B486)

Contents

    Contents
    
    Preface
    Acknowledgments xvii
    About the Authors xix
    Chapter I Energy 1
    Definition 1
    Energy Need 3
    Energy Retained 10
    Energetic Efficiency 12
    Utilizable Energy 13
    Thermogenesis 15
    Abnormal Energy States 16
    References 37
    Chapter 2 Regulation of Food Intake 41
    Psychological Aspects of Food Intake 41
    Physiological Aspects of Food Intake 43
    References 58
    Chapter 3 Nutritional Biochemistry 61
    Glycolysis
    Hexose Monophosphate Shunt
    Interconversion of Dietary Sugars
    Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis 69
    Gluconeogenesis 73
    Cori and Alanine Cycles 75
    Oxidative Phosphorylation 78
    Mitochondrial Structure and Function 78
    Respiration and the Citric Acid Cycle 79
    Respiratory Chain 81
    ATP Synthesis 82
    Uncoupling Proteins 82
    Metabolic Control: Oxidative Phosphorylation 84
    Oxidative Phosphorylation 85
    Fatty Acid Synthesis 87
    Fatty Acid Elongation 90
    Fatty Acid Desaturation 91
    Fatty Acid Esterification 92
    Fatty Acid Oxidation 94
    Cholesterol Synthesis 98
    Amino Acid Catabolism 100
    Amino Acid Derivatives 106
    References 108
    Chapter 4 Cell Cycle， Life Cycle
    Cell Structure and Function 111
    Apoptosis 119
    Life Cycle 123
    References 131
    Chapter 5 Nutrigenomics and Epigenetics
    Gene Expression
    Gene Structure
    References
    Chapter 6 Protein
    Amino Acids
    Chemistry 157
    Stereochemistry 161
    Acid-Based Properties 161
    Reactions 162
    Amino Acid Derivatives 164
    Peptides 165
    Protein Structure 166
    Protein Denaturation 167
    Classification of Proteins 167
    Protein Use 177
    Protein Intake Recommendations 194
    References 206
    Chapter 7 Carbohydrates 209
    Classification 209
    Structure and Nomenclature 209
    Sources of Carbohydrate 218
    Digestion and Absorption 220
    Metabolism
    References
    Chapter 8 Lipids
    Classification
    Structure and Nomenclature
    Sources of Lipids 261
    Digestion and Absorption 262
    Transport 266
    Function 277
    Fatty Acid Autooxidation 285
    Nutrition， Inflammation， and Chronic Disease 290
    Lipids and Membrane Function 297
    Cancer and Dietary Fat 301
    Other Diseases 302
    References 302
    Chapter 9 Fat-Soluble Vitamins 309
    Vitamin A 309
    Vitamin D 326
    Vitamin E 341
    Vitamin K 348
    References
    Chapter 10 Water-Soluble Vitamins 363
    Ascorbic Acid 363
    Thiamin 370
    Riboflavin
    Niacin， Nicotinic Acid
    Pyridoxine
    Pantothenic Acid
    Biotin
    Folic Acid
    Vitamin B12
    Carnitine 415
    Choline 417
    Inositol 421
    Other Compounds That May or May Not Be Vitamins 426
    Pseudovitamins 427
    References 428
    Chapter 11 Macrominerals 433
    Sodium
    Potassium
    Chloride
    Calcium
    Phosphorus
    Magnesium
    References
    Chapter 12 Trace Minerals 465
    Essential Microminerals 465
    Trace Mineral Toxicity 468
    Antagonisms and Interactions among Trace Minerals 469
    Iron 470
    Zinc 476
    Copper 482
    Selenium 486
    Iodine (Iodide) 493
    Molybdenum 494
    Manganese 495
    Cobalt 497
    Other Minerals 498
    References
    Glossary
    Index 523