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Biological and pharmaceutical nanomaterials / edited by Challa S.S.R. Kumar. — Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, c2006.—(61.2683/B615b) |
Contents
Contents
Ⅰ DNA-based Nanomaterials 1
1 Self-assembled DNA Nanotubes 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 DNA Nanotubes Self-assembled from DX Tiles 4
1.3 3DAE-E DX Tile Nanotubes 5
1.4 DAE-O DX Tile Nanotubes 9
1.5 TX Tile Nanotubes 11
1.6 4 x 4 Tile Nanotubes 14
1.7 6HB Tile Nanotubes 16
1.8 Applications 18
1.9 Summary and Perspectives 19
References 20
2 Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 The Chemical and Physical Properties of Therapeutic DNA 25
2.3 Preparation of Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Characterization 27
2.4 DNA Functionalization for Cell Recognition and Internalization 37
2.5 DNA Nanoparticles: Sophistication for Cell Recognition and Internalization 43
2.6 Concluding Remarks 46
References 47
3 Lipoplexes 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 DNA Lipoplexes 51
3.3 ODN Lipoplexes 60
3.4 siRNA Lipoplexes 62
Acknowledgments 62
References 62
4 DNA-Chitosan Nanoparticles for Gene Therapy: Current Knowledge and Future Trends 68
4.1 Introduction 68
4.2 Chitosan as a Carrier for Gene Therapy 69
4.3 Modified Chitosans: Strategies to Improve the Transfection Efficacy 79
4.4 Methods of Preparation of Chitosan Nanoparticles 84
4.5 DNA Loading into Nano-and Microparticles of Chitosan 91
4.6 DNA Release and Release Kinetics 93
4.7 Preclinical Evidence of Chitosan-DNA Complex Efficacy 95
4.8 Potential Clinical Applications of Chitosan-DNA in Gene Therapy 97
4.9 Conclusion 99
Acknowledgments 99
References 99
Ⅱ Protein & Peptide-based Nanomaterials 115
5 Plant Protein-based Nanoparticles 117
5.1 Introduction 117
5.2 Description of Plant Proteins 118
5.3 Preparation of Protein Nanoparticles 120
5.4 Drug Encapsulation in Plant Protein Nanoparticles 124
5.5 Preparation of Ligand-Gliadin Nanoparticle Conjugates 127
5.6 Bioadhesive Properties of Gliadin Nanoparticles 129
5.7 Future Perspectives 135
5.8 Conclusion 137
References 137
6 Peptide Nanoparticles 145
6.1 Introduction 145
6.2 Starting Materials for the Preparation of Nanopartides 146
6.3 Preparation Methods 148
6.4 Basic Characterization Techniques for Peptide Nanoparticles 159
6.5 Drug Targeting with Nanoparticles 161
6.6 Applications as Drug Carriers and for Diagnostic Purposes 169
6.7 Immunological Reactions with Protein-based Microspheres 175
6.8 Concluding Remarks 176
References 176
7 Albumin Nanoparticles 185
7.1 Introduction 185
7.2 Serum Albumin 186
7.3 Preparation of Albumin Nanoparticles 187
7.4 Biodistribution of Albumin Nanoparticles 196
7.5 Pharmaceutical Applications 198
7.6 Concluding Remarks 207
References 208
8 Nanoscale Patterning of S-Layer Proteins as a Natural Self-assembly System 229
8.1 Introduction 219
8.2 General Properties of S-Layers 220
8.3 Nanoscale Patterning of S-Layer Proteins 224
8.4 Spatial Control over S-Layer Reassembly 241
8.5 S-Layers as Templates for the Formation of Regularly Arranged Nanopartides 242
8.6 Conclusions and Outlook 244
Acknowledgments 245
References 245
Ⅲ Pharmaceutically Important Nanomaterials 253
9 Methods of Preparation of Drug Nanoparticles 255
9.1 Introduction 255
9.2 Structures of Drug Nanoparticles 257
9.3 Thermodynamic Approaches 257
9.4 Mechanical Approaches 264
9.5 SCF Approaches 270
9.6 Electrostatic Approaches 275
10 Production of Biofunctionalized Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Site-specific Drug Delivery 287
10.1 Introduction 287
10.2 Concept of Differential Adsorption 289
10.3 Production of SLN 292
10.4 Functionalization by Surface Modification 294
10.5 Conclusions 298
References 299
11 Biocompatible Nanoparticulate Systems for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy 304
11.1 Introduction 304
11.2 Nanoscale Particulate Systems and their Building Blocks/Components 305
11.3 Biodegradable Nanoparticles 312
11.4 Biodegradable Optical Nanoparticles 314
11.5 Optical Imaging and PDT 317
11.6 PLGA-based Nanoparticulate Delivery System for ICG 327
11.7 Conclusions and Future Work 336
References 338
12 Nanoparticles for Crossing Biological Membranes 349
12.1 Introduction 349
12.2 Cell Membranes 350
12.3 Problems of Drugs Crossing through Biological Membranes 354
12.4 Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery 362
12.5 Nanoparticulate Delivery to the BBB 371
12.6 Oral Nanoparticulate Delivery 378
References 385
Index 394
