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Reproductive biology of angiosperms : concepts and laboratory methods / Yash Mangla, Charu Khosla, Priyanka Khanduri. -- New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 2022. – (58.8912/M277) |
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Image Sources
Chapter 1. An Introduction to the Reproductive Biology of Flowering Plants
1.1 Different Aspects of Reproductive Biology of Flowering Plants
1.2 Scope of Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms
Chapter 2. The Flower
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Organization of a Flower
2.3 Sexual Diversity in Angiosperms
2.4 Origin of Flower
2.5 Induction of Flowering
2.6 ABCDE Model of Floral Organ Development
Glossary
Key Questions
Practicals
Exercise 2.1: To study important morphological features of randomly selected flowers
Exercise 2.2: To observe the sexuality of randomly selected flowers
Chapter 3. Brief Historical Account on Transformation of Classical Embryology to Integrated Reproductive Biology
3.1 Early Discoveries
3.2 Era of Exploration
3.3 Years that Laid the Foundation
3.4 Broadening Horizons
3.5 Integration of Ecological, Evolutionary and Genetical Approaches to the Study of Plant Reproductive Systems
Chapter 4. The Anther and Male Gametophyte
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Anther Structure and Development
4.3 Anther Wall Layers
4.4 Anther Dehiscence
4.5 Pollen Development
4.6 Male Germ Unit (MGU)
4.7 Pollen Wall: Structure, Synthesis and Features
4.8 Characteristics of Pollen
4.9 NPC System
4.10 Nemec Phenomenon
4.11 Pollen Development and Metabolism
Glossary
Key Questions
Practicals
Exercise 4.1: To study anther wall layers and microsporogenesis
Exercise 4.2: To study a mature anther and its dehiscence
Exercise 4.3: To study the ultrastructure of pollen wall layers using transmission electron micrograph
Exercise 4.4: To identify the cellular stage of pollen at the time of anther dehiscence
Exercise 4.5: To study the ultrastructure of male germ unit
Exercise 4.6: To test the pollen grain fertility and viability
Exercise 4.7: To estimate the production of pollen grains in a flower
Exercise 4.8: To study the morphological features (shape, exine pattern and aperture) of pollen grains of different species
Chapter 5. The Ovule and Female Gametophyte
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Basic Structure of Ovule
5.3 Development of Ovule
5.4 Ovule Diversity
5.5 Structures Associated with Ovules
5.6 Development of Female Gametophyte
5.7 Cellular Anatomy and Ultrastructure of Cells of Embryo Sac
5.8 Unique Ovules and Embryo Sacs
Glossary
Key Questions
Practicals
Exercise 5.1: To study different types of ovules
Exercise 5.2: To study special ovular structures
Exercise 5.3: To study monosporic, bisporic and tetrasporic types of embryo sac development
Exercise 5.4: To study Polygonum-type of embryo sac development
Exercise 5.5: To study the ultrastructure of egg cell, synergids and central cell
Exercise 5.6: To estimate number of ovules in a flower
Exercise 5.7: To assess the receptivity of ovules using Toluidine Blue 'O' test
Chapter 6. Pollination
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Types of Pollination: Self and Cross
6.3 Mechanisms to Promote Cross-Pollination
6.4 Modes of Pollination
6.5 Abiotic Pollination
6.6 Biotic Pollination
6.7 Ambophily
6.8 Pollen Storage
Glossary
Key Questions
Practicals
Exercise 6.1: To study the time of anther dehiscence
Exercise 6.2: To study the histochemistry of floral rewards
Exercise 6.3: To study the floral features of various species and discuss them in context of pollination syndrome
Chapter 7. Pollen-Pistil Interactions and Fertilization
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Stigma and Style
7.3 Pollen-Pistil Interactions
7.4 Pollen Tube Guidance: Cues from Sporophytic Tissue, Stylar Exudates and Ovule
7.5 Pollen Tube Entry into Ovule and Embryo Sac
7.6 Double Fertilization
7.7 Unique Cases
7.8 In vitro Pollen Tube Germination
Glossary
Key Questions
Practicals
Exercise 7.1: To study the stigma and the styles of different flowers
Exercise 7.2: To study the stigma receptivity by cytochemical localization of non-specific esterases and peroxidase activity
Exercise 7.3: To test germinability of pollen grains under in vitro condition through various methods
Exercise 7.4: To study the pollen tube path in the pistil by decolorized aniline blue staining
Chapter 8. Self-Incompatibility
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Self-incompatibility: Classification and Types
8.3 Genetic Control of Self-incompatibility
8.4 Pollen and Pollen Tube Rejection
8.5 Methods to Overcome Self-incompatibility
Glossary
Key Questions
Practicals
Exercise 8.1: To To determine the interspecific incompatibility in species using semi in vivo pollination and decolorized aniline blue staining method
Exercise 8.2: To determine the type of homomorphic self-incompatibility (GSI or SSI) in a species by employing semi in vivo pollination and decolorized aniline blue staining method
Exercise 8.3: To determine the mating/breeding system of a species using in vivo manual pollination
Exercise 8.4: To calculate Index of Self-incompatibility (ISI)
Exercise 8.5: To analyze the breeding system of a species by calculating its Pollen: Ovule ratio
Chapter 9. Endosperm
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Ultrastructural Changes in the Central Cell and Formation of Primary Endosperm Nucleus
9.3 Types of Endosperm
9.4 Some Unusual Types of Endosperm
9.5 Cellularization of Nuclear Endosperm
9.6 Endosperm in Cereals
9.7 Hormonal Regulation of Endosperm
9.8 Functions of Endosperm
9.9 Nutritive Tissues other than Endosperm
Glossary
Key Questions
Practicals
Exercise 9.1: To dissect and study free-nuclear type of endosperm from developing seeds
Chapter 10. Zygotic Embryogenesis
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Structure of the Embryo
10.3 Egg to Zygote: Post-Fertilization Changes, Ultrastructure and Polarity
10.4 Embryogeny: From Zygote to Multi-cellular Embryo
10.5 Embryogenesis and Embryo Patterning
10.6 Unusual Features of Embryo and Embryogenesis in Some Angiosperms
10.7 Suspensor
10.8 Embryo Nourishment
Glossary
Key Questions
Practicals
Exercise 10.1: To study zygotic embryogenesis in dicots using micrographs
Exercise 10.2: To dissect young embryo from developing seed
Chapter 11. Polyembryony and Apomixis
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Polyembryony
11.3 Classification of Polyembryony
11.4 Causes and Inheritance of Polyembryony
11.5 Practical Applications and Significance of Polyembryony
11.6 Apomixis
11.7 Types of Apomixis
11.8 Role of Pollination in Embryo and Endosperm Development among Apomicts
11.9 Genetics of Apomixis
11.10 Potential Applications of Apomixis
11.11 Methods to Screen and Study Apomixis
Glossary
Key Questions
Practicals
Exercise 11.1: To screen apomixis in ovules using histo-clearing technique
Exercise 11.2: To study the polyembryony in seeds
Exercise 11.3: To determine the type of embryo by enumerating key features
Chapter 12. Seed
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Structure and Morphology of Seeds
12.3 Types of Seed
12.4 Seed Coat
12.5 Specialized Seed Associated Structures/Appendages
12.6 Seed Dispersal
Glossary
Key Questions
Practicals
Exercise 12.1: To calculate the mass and determine the shape (seed traits) of different seeds
Exercise 12.2: To classify different types of seeds
Exercise 12.3: To study seed dispersal mechanisms in various species
Exercise 12.4: To calculate percentage seed viability, germinability and seed vigor
Exercise 12.5: To calculate the ovule: seed ratio
Exercise 12.6: Observation of seed dispersal mechanism
Chapter 13. Plant Germline Transformation
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Plant Germline Transformation
13.3 Male Germline Transformation
13.4 Female Germline Transformation
13.5 Factors Influencing Germline Transformation
Glossary
Key Questions
Practicals
Exercise 13.1: To identify the uninucleate stage of pollen grains and demonstration of technique of anther culture
Exercise 13.2: To demonstrate the floral dip method of germline transformation
Index
Color Plates
