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Guide to research techniques in neuroscience / Matt Carter, Jennifer Shieh. -- 2nd ed. -- Boston, MA : Elsevier, c2015. – (59.59051/C324/2nd ed.) |
Contents
Foreword to the Second Edition
Foreword to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Introduction
1.
Whole-Brain Imaging
Structural Brain Imaging Techniques
Cerebral Angiography
Computerized Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Diffusion MRI
Functional Brain Imaging Techniques
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Positron Emission Tomography
Single-Proton Emission Computerized Tomography
Electroencephalography
Magnetoencephalography
Optical Imaging
Functional Imaging Experimental Design and Analysis
Planning the Experiment
Conducting the Experiment
Manipulating Neural Activity during an Experiment
Postexperimental Data Analysis
Conclusion
Suggested
2. Animal
Behavior
Considerations for Choosing and Performing a
Behavioral Assay
Choosing an Appropriate Model Organism
Choosing an Appropriate Behavioral Paradigm
Variability in Individuals
Using Animal Behavior as a Model for Human Behavior
Rodent Behavioral Paradigms
Locomotor Activity
Motor Coordination and Balance
Sensory Function
Nociception
Spatial Learning and Memory
Nonspatial Learning and Memory
Attention and Impulsivity
Reward-Related Behaviors
Social Behaviors
Anxiety
Depression
Drosophila Behavioral Paradigms
Locomotor Behavior
Flight
Sensory Function
Learning and Memory
Social Behaviors
Caenorhabditis elegans Behavioral Paradigms
Locomotor Behavior
Sensory Behavior
Nonhuman Primate Behavioral Paradigms
Conclusion
Suggested
3. Stereotaxic
Surgeries and In Vivo Techniques
Stereotaxic Surgeries
Stereotaxic Surgeries in Rodents
Stereotaxic Surgeries in Nonhuman Primates
Implants for Long-Term Access to the Brain
Sealable Chambers
Cannulae
Cranial Windows
Measuring Neural Activity In Vivo
Electrophysiology
Fluorescent Activity Indicators
Measuring Neural Chemistry In Vivo
Microdialysis
Voltammetry and Amperometry
Manipulating Neural Activity In Vivo
Conclusion
Suggested
4.
Electrophysiology
A Brief Review of the Electrical Properties of
Neurons
The Electrophysiology Rig
Categories of Electrophysiology Recordings
Extracellular Recording
Intracellular Recording
Patch Clamp Techniques
Electrophysiology Tissue Preparations
In Vitro Recordings
In Vivo Recordings
Manipulating Neural Activity during
Electrophysiology Experiments
Conclusion
Suggested
5.
Microscopy
Essential Principles of Microscopy
Fundamental Parameters in Microscopy
The Design of a Compound Microscope
The Design of a Stereomicroscope
Light Microscopy
Fluorescence Microscopy
Epifluorescent Microscopy
Confocal Microscopy
Two-Photon Microscopy
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy
Electron Microscopy
Transmission Electron Microscopy
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Electron Tomography
Preparing and Interpreting Microscopy Data
Image Processing
Interpreting Images
Conclusion
Suggested
6. Visualizing
Neural Structure
Tissue Preparation
Fixation
Embedding
Sectioning
Visualizing Morphology
Cell Body Stains
Fiber Stains
Golgi Stain
Intracellular and Juxtacellular Labeling
Visualizing Gene and Protein Expression
In Situ Hybridization
Immunohistochemistry
Enzymatic Histochemistry
Reporter Genes
Visualizing Circuitry
Anterograde and Retrograde Tracers
Transsynaptic Labeling
Conclusion
Suggested
7. Visualizing
Neural Function
Static Markers of Activity
Assaying Neural Activity in Fixed Tissue
Assaying Cellular Function in Fixed Tissue
Visualizing Neural Activity
[magi ng Voltage
Imaging Calcium Dynamics
Imaging Synaptic Transmission
Visualizing Protein Function
Time-Lapse Imaging with Reporter Genes
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation
Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching
Photoactivation and Photoconversion
Conclusion
Suggested
8. Manipulating
Neural Activity
Experimental Logic of Manipulating Neural Activity
Physical Manipulation
Ablation
Thermal Cooling
Electrical Manipulation
Pharmacological Manipulation
Genetic Manipulation
Pharmacogenetic Manipulation
Optogenetic Manipulation
Optogenetic Transgenes
Methods of Delivering Light to the Nervous System
Strategies for Studying Neural Circuits Using
Optogenetics
Neuromodulation Techniques Used in Humans
Conclusion
Suggested
9. Identifying Genes and Proteins of Interest
A Brief Review of Genes and Proteins
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Transcription
Translation
Genetic Screens
Forward Genetic Screen
Reverse Genetic Screen
In Silico Screens
BLAST
Ensembl
Molecular Screens
cDNA Microarray Screen
RNAi Screen
Conclusion
Suggested
10. Molecular
Cloning and Recombinant DNA Technology
Isolating DNA Fragments
Restriction Enzymes
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Isolation and Characterization of DNA Fragments
Using Gel Electrophoresis
Cloning DNA
Vectors
Ligation
Transformation
Purifying DNA from Host Cells
Identifying DNA
DNA Sequencing
Nucleic Acid Hybridization Techniques
Conclusion
Suggested
11. Gene
Delivery Strategies
Physical Gene Delivery
Microinjection
Electroporation
Biolistics
Chemical Gene Delivery
Calcium Phosphate Transfection
Lipid Transfection
Viral Gene Delivery
Adenovirus
Canine Adenovirus
Herpes Simplex Virus
Adeno-Associated Virus
Lentivirus
Conclusion
Suggested
12. Making
and Using Transgenic Organisms
Transgenes
Reporter Genes
Genes Used to Measure Neural Activity
Genes Used to Manipulate Neural Activity
Genes Used to Ablate Neurons
Genes Used to Disrupt Endogenous Gene Function
Overexpression of Endogenous Genes
The Transgenic Construct
Binary Transgenic Systems
The Gal4/UAS System
The Cre/Lox System
The Flp/Frt System
The Tet-off/Tet-on System
Making Transgenic Organisms
Making Transgenic Mice
Making Transgenic Flies
Making Transgenic
Making Other Transgenic Organisms
Conclusion
Suggested
13.
Manipulating Endogenous Genes
Classical Gene Targeting Methods
Knockout Mouse
Knockin Mouse
Conditional Knockout Mouse
Nuclease-Based Gene Targeting Methods
Disrupting Gene Products
RNA Interference (RNAi)
Morpholinos
Dominant Negatives
Conclusion
Suggested
14. Cell
Culture Techniques
Cell Culture Equipment and Reagents
Equipment
Culture Media
Immortalized Cell Lines
Primary Cell and Tissue Culture
Slice Cultures
Explant Cultures
Dissociated Cell Cultures
Stem Cell Cultures
Embryonic Stem Cells
Neural Stem Cells
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Manipulating Cells in Culture
Transfection and Infection
Co-Culture Systems
Pharmacology
Antibody Interference
Conclusion
Suggested
15.
Biochemical Assays and Intracellular Signaling
Introduction to Signal Transduction and
Intracellular Signaling
Fundamental Tools Used to Study Proteins
Making and Using Antibodies
Purifying Proteins
Investigating Protein Expression
Western Blot
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Radioimmunoassay
Immunohistochemistry
Immunoelectron Microscopy
Reporter Proteins
Investigating Protein-Protein Interactions
Co-lmmunoprecipitation
Protein Affinity Chromatography
Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay
Investigating Posttranslational Modifications
PTM-Specific Assays
PTM-Specific Antibodies
Investigating Protein-DNA Interactions
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Luciferase Assay
Conclusion
Suggested
Glossary
Index
