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Plant stress biology : from genomics to systems biology / edited by Heribert Hirt. — Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell, c2009. – (58.843/P713b) |
Contents
CONTENTS
Preface XI
List of Contributors XIII
Part I From Model Systems to Crop Improvement 1
1 General Stress Response of a Model Bacterium 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 General Stress Response 3
1.2.1 The δs Regulatory Network 4
1.2.2 E. coli Osmotic Shock Resistance 5
1.2.3 E. coli Acid Resistance: An Example of a Differentially Controlled δs Module
1.3 Regulation of δs 7
1.3.1 Transcriptional Regulation of δs 7
1.3.2 Translational Regulation of δs 8
1.3.3 Post-Translational Regulation of δs 9
1.3.4 Competition for RNAP and Promoters 10
1.4 Conclusions 11
2 Moss as a Model System for Plant Stress Responses 17
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Model Systems 19
2.3 Physcomitrella as a Model System 22
2.4 Water Stress and Abscisic Acid 24
2.5 T. ruralis: A Model for Poikilohydry 28
2.6 Cold Stress and Abscisic Acid 29
2.7 Future Perspectives 30
3 Emerging Trends in Functional Genomics for Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants
3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Abiotic Stresses Encountered by Plants 38
3.3 Genome-Wide Investigations to Understand Components Involved in Abiotic Stress Responses 39
3.3.1 Transcriptome Analysis 39
3.3.2 Role of MicroRNAs in Stress 41
3.3.3 Analysis of Abiotic Stress-Responsive Genes using Proteomic Approaches 42
3.4 Quantitative Trait Loci for Abiotic Stress Tolerance 44
3.5 Networking the Stress Response Gene Function 44
3.5.1 Sensing Systems 44
3.5.2 Calcium and Calcium-Sensing Proteins 45
3.5.3 MAPK Proteins: At the Crossroads of Signaling Pathways 47
3.5.4 Other Pathways 48
3.5.5 Transcription Factors at the Junction 49
3.6 Functional Characterization of Stress Response Genes by the Transgenic Approach 51
3.7 Conclusions 52
Part II Stress Responses and Newly Involved Plant Hormones 65
4 Stress Physiology of Higher Plants: Cross-Talk between Abiotic and Biotic Stress Signaling 67
4.1 Introduction 67
4.2 Cuticles and Stomata 68
4.3 Hormone Signaling Governs Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses 71
4.4 Roles of ROS at Points of Convergence between Biotic and Abiotic Stress Response Pathways 73
4.5 Transcription Factors Involved in the Cross-talk between Abiotic and Biotic Stress Signaling 74
4.6 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade 76
4.7 Effects of Humidity and Temperature on Biotic Stress Responses 78
4.8 Conclusions 79
5 Jasmonates in Stress， Growth， and Development 91
5.1 Introduction 91
5.2 ]A Biosynthesis 92
5.3 JA Metabolism 95
5.4 Bound OPDA- Arabidopsides 97
5.5 Mutants of JA Biosynthesis and Signaling 98
5.6 COIl-JAZ-JA-Ile-Mediated JA Signaling 101
5.7 Transcription Factors Involved in JA Signaling 104
5.8 Jasmonates and Oxylipins in Development 106
5.9 Conclusions 108
6 Brassinosteroids Confer Stress Tolerance 119
6.1 Introduction 119
6.2 BR Signaling 120
6.3 BR Increases Stress Tolerance 121
6.3.1 Temperature Stress 121
6.3.2 Salt Stress 123
6.3.3 Drought Stress 123
6.3.4 Pathogen Attack 124
6.3.5 Other Stresses 126
6.4 Anticancer and Antiviral Effects 126
6.5 Genetic Evidence for a Role of BR in Plant Stress Responses 126
6.6 BR-Independent Role of BAK1 in Innate Immunity and Cell Death 127
6.7 Systematic Study to Dissect the Role of BR in Abiotic Stress Tolerance 130
6.8 Future Directions 131
7 Cold， Salinity， and Drought Stress 137
7.1 Introduction 137
7.2 Abiotic Stress Response and Stress-Induced Genes 139
7.3 Cold Stress 141
7.3.1 Effect of Low-Temperature Stress on Plant Physiology 141
7.3.2 Cold Acclimation 142
7.3.3 Function of Cold-Regulated Genes in Freezing Tolerance 142
7.3.4 Calcium Signaling in Cold Stress Response 144
7.4 Salinity Stress 144
7.4.1 Negative Impact of Salinity Stress 146
7.4.2 Calcium Signaling and SOS Pathways in Relation to Salinity Stress 147
7.4.3 ABA and Transcription Factors in Salinity Stress Tolerance 148
7.4.4 Water Stress due to Salinity 149
7.4.5 Proline and GB in Salinity Stress 149
7.4.6 ROS in Salinity Stress 150
7.5 Drought Stress 151
7.5.1 Effect of Drought on Stomata and Photosynthesis 152
7.5.2 Sugars and other Osmolytes in Response to Drought Stress 153
7.5.3 Phospholipid Signaling in Drought Stress 154
7.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects 154
8 Heavy Metal Stress in Plants 161
8.1 Introduction 161
8.2 Uptake and Distribution of Metals in Plants 162
8.3 Metal Stress Affects the Plant's Physiology 163
8.4 Unraveling the Cellular Responses of Metal Stress 165
8.4.1 Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress 166
8.5 Signaling Under Metal Stress 167
8.6 Conclusions 170
9 Systematic Analysis of Superoxide-Dependent Signaling in Plant Cells: Usefulness and Specificity of Methyl Viologen Application 179
9.1 Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense 179
9.1.1 Reactive Oxygen Species - Generation and Biological Relevance 179
9.1.2 Detoxification of ROS - Antioxidative Network in Plants 181
9.2 Methyl Viologen: From Redox Indicator and Herbicide to Application as Effector in Oxidative Stress Investigation 183
9.2.1 General Considerations to Methyl Viologen as Herbicide and Toxin 183
9.2.2 Mechanism of Methyl Viologen Toxicity in Plants and Animals 185
9.2.3 Lipid Peroxidation as a Consequence of Oxidative Stress upon Methyl Viologen Application 186
9.2.4 Requirement of the Antioxidative Network upon Methyl Viologen Application
9.3 Gaining Insights into Superoxide Anion-Mediated Signaling in Plants - Goals and Limitations of Methyl Viologen Application 187
9.3.1 Superoxide Anion and Hydrogen Peroxide Signaling: A Problem of Differentiation?
9.3.2 Transgenic Plants as a Powerful Tool towards Understanding the Participation of Superoxide Anion in Signal Transduction Processes 187
9.3.3 Towards Understanding of Superoxide Anion Signaling in Plants 190
9.4 Conclusions 191
Part III From Transcriptomics and Proteomics to Signaling Networks 197
10 Insights into the Arabidopsis Abiotic Stress Response from the AtGenExpress Expression Profile Dataset 199
10.1 Introduction 199
10.2 The AtGenExpress Abiotic Stress Experiment 200
10.3 General Findings 201
10.4 The Nine Stresses 204
10.4.1 UV-B Light Stress 204
10.4.2 Osmotic Stress 206
10.4.3 Salt Stress 208
10.4.4 Cold Stress 209
10.4.5 Drought Stress 210
10.4.6 Heat Stress 211
10.4.7 Wounding Stress 211
10.4.8 Genotoxic Stress 212
10.4.9 Oxidative Stress 213
10.5 Signal Integration 213
10.6 Novel Approaches and Future Developments 221
10.7 Conclusions 221
11 Integrative Approaches to Elucidate and Analyze Protein Interaction and Signaling Networks 227
11.1 Introduction 227
11.2 Protein Networks 228
11.2.1 Introduction to Protein Networks 228
11.2.2 CNA 229
11.3 PINs 230
11.3.1 Toward Global Arabidopsis PINs 231
11.3.2 An Arabidopsis PIN of Calmodulin- and Calmodulin-Like-Binding Proteins
11.4 PSNs 240
11.4.1 Introduction to PSNs 240
11.4.2 From Perturbations and Responses to PSNs 241
11.4.3 High-Throughput Approaches to Create Perturbations and to Measure Responses 242
11.4.4 A NetworKIN Approach to Construct Plant Phosphorylation Networks 243
11.5 Future Outlook on Plant Networks 245
Index 249
