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Molecular biology of neuropsychiatric disorders / Dieter B. Wildenauer (ed.). — Berlin : Springer, c2009. – (58.17425/N964b/v.23) |
Contents
Contents
Decoding the Genetics and Underlying Mechanisms of Mood Disorders
1 Introduction 2
2 Bipolar Disorder 5
2.1 Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology 5
2.2 Genetic Analysis 6
2.3 Alternative and Complementary Strategies 15
3 Depression 24
3.1 Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology 24
3.2 Genetic Analysis of Depression 25
3.3 Therapeutics and Associated Mechanisms; Pharmacogenetics 27
3.4 Neurogenesis 29
3.5 The Endocrine System (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis) 31
3.6 Animal Studies 33
3.7 Postmortem Brain Studies 36
4 Perspectives 37
References 38
Dissecting the Molecular Causes of Schizophrenia 51
1 Introduction 52
2 Diagnosis 52
3 Therapy 52
4 Incidence， Prevalence 53
5 The Search for Biological Causes 53
6 Epidemiology 54
7 Neuropathology 56
8 Neurotransmitter Hypotheses 57
9 Molecular Genetics 58
9.1 Localization of Susceptibility Genes by Linkage Analysis 58
9.2 Genetic Association 59
10 Gene Expression 69
10.1 mRNA Expression 70
10.2 miRNA 70
10.3 Protein Expression 71
10.4 Epigenetics 71
11 Animal Models 72
12 Conclusion 73
References 73
Autism Spectrum Disorders 81
1 Introduction
2 Molecular Genetic Screening
2.1 Genome-Wide Screens and Fine-Mapping Approaches
2.2 Chromosomal Aberrations
2.3 Candidate Genes
3 Future Directions
References
Molecular Genetics of ADHD 99
1 Complexities of the ADHD Phenotype
1.1 Developmental Shifts
1.2 Gender Effects
2 Genetic Basis of ADHD
3 Environmental Risk Factors
4 Molecular Approaches to Gene Identification
4.1 Candidate Gene Studies in ADHD
4.2 Molecular Genetic Studies Using Population-Based Samples
4.3 Genome Scans for ADHD
5 Relationship of the Molecular Genetic Findings in ADHD to Reading Disabilities
6 Interpretation of the Molecular Genetic Studies
7 After the Linkage or Association Finding
8 Implications of the Molecular Genetic Findings for Diagnosis and Treatment
References
The Genetics of Anxiety Disorders
1 Anxiety Disorders
2 Panic Disorder
3 Phobias
4 Generalized Anxiety Disorder
5 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
6 Genetic Analysis of Anxious Personality Traits
7 Conclusion
References
Molecular Biology of Addiction and Substance Dependence
1 Introduction 188
2 Heritability of Substance Dependence 188
3 Biology of Drug-Induced Changes in the Brain 191
4 Molecular Genetic Evidence of Substance Dependence 193
4.1 Heroin 194
4.2 Nicotine 196
4.3 Alcohol 198
5 Conclusion 199
References 199
Neurobiology of Suicide 205
1 Introduction 206
2 The Clinical Phenotype 206
2.1 The Link Between Mental Morbidity and Suicide 207
3 Pathophysiological Mechanisms 208
3.1 The Neurochemical Basis of Suicidality 208
3.2 Genetic Contribution to Suicidal Behavior 213
3.3 Suicide as Interplay of Genes and Environment 219
4 Conclusions 220
References 221
Molecular Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease 229
1 Introduction 230
2 Familial Alzheimer's Disease 230
2.1 The Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Gene 231
2.2 The Presenilin Genes 239
3 Apolipoprotein E (APOE e4): Strongest Genetic Risk Factor for Sporadic AD 246
3.1 The Apolipoprotein e4 Allele 246
3.2 Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and Its Role in AD 250
3.3 Mechanisms by Which ApoE May Contribute to AD 252
4 Other Genetic Risk Factors 254
5 Concluding Remarks 257
References 257
Molecular Biology of Parkinson's Disease 277
1 Introduction
2 Molecular Mechanisms in the Development of Parkinson's Disease
2.1 The Role of Iron and Oxidative Stress
2.2 Role of Alpha-Synuclein
2.3 Mitochondrial Polymorphism and Deletions in Parkinson's Disease
2.4 Heat Shock Protein Chaperone (HSC-70)
2.5 Dopamine Neurotransmission and Metabolism
2.6 Association of LRRK2 Gene and Inappropriate Phosphorylation in Parkinson's Disease
2.7 Role of Glutathione-S-Transferase Gene in the Development of Parkinson's Disease
3 Conclusions
References
Index 291
