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Modern biotechnology : connecting innovations in microbiology and biochemistry to engineering fund amentals / by Nathan S. Mosier, Michael R. Ladisch. — Oxford : Wiley, c2009. – (58.2/M911m) |
Contents
CONTENTS
Contributors
Preface
1 Cancer Stem Cells: Similarities and Variations in the Theme of Normal Stem Cells
1.1 Introduction, 1
1.2 Stem Cells in the Life of an Organism, 2
1.3 Cancer Stem Cells, 7
1.4 Self-Renewal and Differentiation in CSCs, 13
1.5 CSC Plasticity as Regulated by Intrinsic and Extrinsic Stem Cell Factors,<br> 1.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives, 18 References, 20
2 Leukemic Stem Cells
2.1 Introduction, 27
2.2 Dysregulation of Hematopoiesis in Leukemia, 28
2.3 Identification and isolation of Cancer-Initiating Cells in Leukemia, 35
2.4 Molecular Regulation of Aberrant Hierarchies, 36
2.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives, 44
References, 45
3 Isolation and Characterization of Breast and Brain Cancer Stem Cells
3.1 Introduction, 57
3.2 Breast Cancer Stem Cells, 58
3.3 Brain Cancer Stem Cells, 64
3.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives, 69
References, 70
4 Cancer Stem Cell Side Populations
4.1 Introduction, 73
4.2 Stem Cell Side Populations, 75
4.3 Side Populations in Normal Tissue, 78
4.4 Side Populations in Tumors, 79
4.5 Overcoming Side Population Limitations, 80
4.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives, 81
References, 82
5 Evidence for Cancer Stem Cells in Retinoblastoma
5.1 Introduction, 87
5.2 Elusive Origins of Retinoblastoma, 87
5.3 Sources of Retinoblastoma Cells for Study, 88
5.4 Precedent for Cancer Stem Cells, 88
5.5 Side Populations in Retinoblastoma, 89
5.6 Immunoreactivity to Stem Cell Markers in Retinoblastoma, 89
5.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives, 91
References, 92
6 Ovarian Stem Cell Biology and the Emergence of Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells
6.1 Introduction, 95
6.2 Overview of the Human Ovary, 95
6.3 Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Adult Mammalian Ovary, 98
6.4 Is Ovarian Cancer a Stem Cell Disease?, 104
References, 107
7 Prostate Cancer Stem Cells
7.1 Introduction, 111
7.2 Human Prostate Biology, Gland Architecture, and Pathological Alterations
7.3 Prostate Epithelial Stem Cells, 113
7.4 Prostate Cancer Stem Cells, 120
7.5 Stem Cell Tracking in the Prostate, 125
7.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives, 127
References, 127
8 Molecular Signatures of Highly Malignant Melanoma Stem Cells 135
8.1 General Properties of Human Melanomas, 135
8.2 Characteristics of Stem Cell-Derived Melanomas, 136
8.3 The Cat Model System for Stem Cell Melanomas, 137
8.4 Challenges of Research in Cancer Stem Cells and Therapeutics, 152
8.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives, 154
References, 156
9 Invasion Program of Normal and Cancer Stem Cells
9.1 Introduction, 167
9.2 Basics of Tumor Progression: Invasion and Metastasis, 168
9.3 Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Development and Its Relation to The Invasive Process, 169
9.4 Regulation of EMT: From Signals to Molecular Pathways, 172
9.5 EMT and Cancer Stem Ceils, 176
9.6 Can Stem Cell Properties Be Extensive to Invasive Tumor Cells?, 177
9.7 Is There a Unique EMT Program Linked to Invasion?, 178
9.8 Evidence of EMT in Human Clinical Tumors, 180
9.9 Expression of Mesenchymal Markers and Cadherin Switching in Carcinomas,<br> 9.10 Expression of EMT Inducers in Human Tumors, 183
9.11 Occurrence of EMT in a Specific Subset of Breast Carcinomas, 185
9.12 Conclusions and Future Perspectives, 186
References, 187
10 Epigenetics in Cancer Stem Cell Development
10.1 Introduction, 197
10.2 Characterization of Candidate Cancer Stem Cells, 198
10.3 Possible Origins of Cancer Stem Cells, 198
10.4 Epigenetics in Normal Development, 199
10.5 Epigenetic Regulation of the Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype, 200
10.6 Contributions of Epigenetics to Drug Resistance in Cancer Stem Cells, 204
10.7 Genome-Wide Interrogation of Epigenetic Modifications in Cancer Stem Cells,<br> 10.8 Epigenetic Therapies Against Poorly Differentiated Cancer Cells, 207
10.9 Conclusions and Future Perspectives, 208
References, 209
11 Cancer Stem Cells and New Therapeutic Approaches
11.1 Cancer Stem Cells, 217
11.2 Activation of Stem Cells and Cancer, 218
11.3 Major Cancers and Risk Factors, 223
11.4 Treatment Implications, 225
11.5 Future Perspectives, 227
11.6 Conclusions, 228
References, 243
12 Immunobiology of Cancer Stem Cells
12.1 Cancer Stem Cells, 233
12.2 Cancer Stem Cells and Lymphocytes, 234
12.3 Trafficking of Normal Stem Cells and Metastasis of Cancer Stern Cells,<br> References, 238
Index