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Comparative plant virology / by Roger Hull. — 2nd ed. — London : Academic, c2009. – (65.8372/H913/2nd ed.) |
Contents
CONTENTS
Preface xiii
List of Abbreviations xv
Section 1 INTRODUCTION TO PLANT VIRUSES
Chapter 1. What Is a Virus?
I. introduction 3
II. History 3
III. Definition of a Virus 9
IV. Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses
V. Viruses of Other Kingdoms 20
VI. Smnmary 21
Chapter 2 Overview of Plant Viruses
I. Introduction 23
II. Economic Losses Due to Plant Viruses 24
III. Virus Profiles 24
IV. Macroscopic Symptoms 25
V. Histological Changes 30
VI. Cytological Effects 32
VII. The Host Range of Viruses 38
VIII. Viruses in Other Kingdoms 40
Chapter 3 Agents That Resemble or Alter Plant Virus Diseases
I. Viroids 43
II. Phytoplasma 50
III. Satellite Viruses and Satellite RNAs 51
IV. Defective and Defective Interfering Nucleic Acids 58
V. Viruses of Other Kingdoms 60
VI. Summary 61
Chapter 4. Plant Virus Origins and Evolution
I. Introduction 63
II. Virus Evolution 64
III. Evidence for Virus Evolution 75
IV. Coevolution of Viruses with Their Hosts and Vectors 80
V. Viruses of Other Kingdoms 80
VI. Summary 80
Section II WHAT IS A VIRUS MADE OF?
Chapter 5. Architecture and Assembly of Virus Particles
I. Introduction 85
II. Methods 86
III. Architecture of Rod-Shaped Viruses 88
IV. Architecture of Isometric Viruses 94
V. Small Icosahedral Viruses 97
VI. More Complex Isometric Viruses 101
VII. Enveloped Viruses 101
VIII. Assembly of Icosahedral Viruses 102
IX. General Considerations 103
X. Viruses of Other Kingdoms 104
XI. Summary 104
Chapter 6. Plant Viral Genomes
I. Introduction 105
II. General Properties of Plant Viral Genomes 105
III. Plant Viral Genome Organisation 112
IV. Viruses of Other Kingdoms 116
V, Summary 116
Chapter 7. Expression of Viral Genomes
I. Stages in Virus Infection Cycle 117
II. Virus Entry and Uncoating 119
III. initial Translation of Viral Genome 122
IV. Synthesis of mRNAs 123
V. Plant Viral Genome Strategies 125
VI. Viruses of Other Kingdoms 137
VII. Summary 137
Chapter 8, Virus Replication
I, Host Functions Used by Plant Viruses 139
II, Methods for Studying Viral Replication 140
III. Replication of Plus-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Viruses 140
IV. Replication of Negative-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Viruses 152
V. Replication of Double-Stranded RNA Viruses 152
VI. Replication of Reverse Transcribing Viruses 153
VII. Replication of Single-Stranded DNA Viruses 156
VIII. Faults in Replication 158
IX. Viruses of Other Kingdoms 161
X. Summary 163
Section III HOW DO PLANT VIRUSES WORK?
Chapter 9. Virus-Host Interactions -- Plant Level
I. Movement and Final Distribution 167
II. Effects on Plant Metabolism 181
III. Processes Involved in Symptom Production 185
IV. Other Kingdoms 188
V. Summary 188
Chapter 10. Virus-Plant Interactions: 1. Molecular Level
I. Introduction 191
II. Host Responses to Inoculation 192
III. Interactions Between Viruses 202
IV. Viruses of Other Kingdoms 204
V. Summary 204
Chapter 11. Virus-Plant Interactions: 2. RNA Silencing
I. Introduction 207
II. Mechanism of Silencing 208
III. Systemic Silencing 211
IV. Overcoming Silencing 211
V. Silencing and Symptoms 214
VI. Transcriptional and Translational Repression 218
VII. Evolutionary Aspects 218
VIII. RNA Silencing in Animal and Other Viruses 218
IX. Summary 218
Section IV PLANT VIRUSES IN AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY
Chapter 12. Plant-to-Plant Movement
I. Introduction 223
II. Transmission via Plant Material 223
III. Transmission by Invertebrates 225
IV. Fungal Transmission of Viruses 240
V. Viruses of Other Kingdoms 242
VI. Summary 242
Chapter 13. Plant Viruses in the Field: Diagnosis, Epiderniology, and Ecology
I. Diagnosis 245
II. Epidemiology and Ecology 260
III. Viruses of Other Kingdoms 268
IV. Summary 268
Chapter 14. Conventional Control
I. Introduction 269
II. Avoiding Infection 271
III. Stopping the Vector 274
IV. Protecting the Plant 277
V. Conventional Resistance to Plant Viruses 280
VI. Strategies for Control 283
VII. Viruses of Other Kingdoms 283
VIII. Summary 283
Chapter 15. Transgenic Plants and Viruses
I. Transgenic Protection Against Plant Viruses 285
II. Pathogen-Derived Resistance 286
III. Possible Uses of Plant Viruses for Gene Technology 293
IV. Viruses of Other Kingdoms 300
V. Summary 301
Appendix: Profiles 303
Index 363