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Hox gene expression / Spyros Papageorgiou. — Austin : Landes Bioscience, c2007.—(58.215/P213) |
Contents
Contents
Preface
1. The Homeobox as a Key for Understanding the Principles of the Genetic Control of Development 1
Introduction 1
Molecular Cloning of the Homeotic Bithorax-Complex in Drosophila 3
Molecular Cloning of Antennapedia Complex and the Discovery of the Homeobox 4
Specification and Redesigning of the Body Plan 5
The Structure and Function of the Homeodomain 8
Evolution of Homeobox Genes 10
2. Expression of Hox Genes in the Nervous System of Vertebrates 14
Introduction 14
The Hox Gene Family 14
The Embryonic Vertebrate Nervous System 16
Hox Gene Expression in the CNS 19
Regulation of Neural Expression 23
Expression and Neuronal Phenotypes 29
The Roles of Auto- and Cross-Regulatory Interactions between Hox Genes 30
3. The Hox Gene Network in Vertebrate Limb Development 42
Introduction to Vertebrate Limb Development 42
Hox Gene Expression in Vertebrate Limbs 43
Signals That Control Hox Gene Expression in the Limb 44
Tests ofHox Gene Function 46
Regulatory Regions That Drive Hox Gene Expression in the Limb 48
Wider Implications of the Hox Gene Network 49
4. Evolution ofHox Gene Clusters 53
Introduction 53
Origin of the Cluster: Unraveling Patterns of Gene Duplication and Duplicate Evolution 53
Evolution of Cluster Composition and the Impact of Hox on Animal Phylogeny 59
Molecular Mechanisms and Evolution of Hox Cluster Organization 62
Conclusion 65
5. Evolutionary Genomics of Hox Gene Clusters 68
Introduction 68
Genomic Features 70
Chordate Hox Cluster History: How Little Do We Know? 76
The Effects of Duplication 81
Hypotheses and Inferences 86
6. Chromatin and the Control of Hox Gene Expression 91
Introduction 91
Anticipation 92
Initiation 93
Maintenance 95
Conclusions 97
7. Homeobox-Containing Genes in Limb Regeneration 102
Early Studies 103
Future Directions 106
8. Hox Genes and Stem Cells 111
Introduction 111
Hox Genes and Drosophila Neuroblasts 111
Hox Gene Function in Stem Cells during Mammalian Development 112
Hox Genes and Hematopoietic Stem Cells 114
Hox Genes and Cancer Stem Cells 116
Conclusions 118
9. Deregulation of the Hox Gene Network and Cancer 121
Introduction 121
Breast Cancer 123
Bladder Cancer 125
Prostate Cancer 125
Kidney Cancer 127
Conclusions 129
Appendix: Hypothesis: Pulling Forces Acting on Hox Gene Clusters Cause Expression Collinearity 134
Introduction 134
A Physical Model for Hox Gene Collinearity 137
Attractive Electric Forces 138
Correlation of Morphogen Thresholds and Gene Translocations 140
Conclusions and Predictions 142
Index 147
