Lipidomics : comprehensive mass spectrometry of lipids / Xianlin Han, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida. -- Hoboken : Wiley, 2016. – (58.17423/H233)

Contents

FOREWORD

PREFACE

ABBREVIATIONS

PART I   INTRODUCTION

1  Lipids and Lipidomics

1.1 Lipids, 3

1.2 Lipidomics, 13

    References, 16

2  Mass Spectrometry for Lipidomics

2.1 Ionization Techniques, 21

2.2 Mass Analyzers, 32

2.3 Detector, 36

2.4 Tandem Mass Spectrometry Techniques, 37

2.5 Other Recent Advances in Mass Spectrometry for Lipid Analysis, 42

    References, 45

3  Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics Approaches

3.1 Introduction, 53

3.2 Shotgun Lipidomics: Direct Infusion-Based Approaches, 54

3.3 LC-MS-Based Approaches, 65

3.4 MALDI-MS for Lipidomics, 74

    References, 79

4  Variables in Mass Spectrometry for Lipidomics

4.1 Introduction, 89

4.2 Variables in Lipid Extraction (i.e., Multiplex Extraction Conditions), 89

4.3 Variables in the Infusion Solution, 91

4.4 Variables in Ionization, 98

4.5 Variables in Building-Block monitoring with MS/MS Scanning, 102

4.6 Variables in Collision, 104

4.7 Variables in Separation, 108

4.8 Conclusion, 114

    References, 114

5  Bioinformatics in Lipidomics

5.1 Introduction, 121

5.2 Lipid Libraries and Databases, 122

5.3 Bioinformatics Tools in Automated Lipid Data Processing, 132

5.4 Bioinformatics for Lipid Network/Pathway Analysis and Modeling, 139

5.5 Integration of "Omics", 143

    References, 145

PART II     CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPIDS

6  Introduction

6.1 Structural Characterization for Lipid Identification, 153

6.2 Pattern Recognition for Lipid Identification, 157

    References, 170

7  Fragmentation Patterns of Glycerophospholipids

7.1 Introduction, 173

7.2 Choline Glycerophospholipid, 175

7.3 Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipid, 180

7.4 Phosphatidylinositol and Phosphatidylinositides, 184

7.5 Phosphatidylserine, 185

7.6 Phosphatidylglycerol, 186

7.7 Phosphatidic Acid, 187

7.8 Cardiolipin, 188

7.9 Lysoglycerophospholipids, 190

7.10 Other Glycerophospholipids, 193

     References, 196

8  Fragmentation Patterns of Sphingolipids

8.1 Introduction, 201

8.2 Ceramide, 202

8.3 Sphingomyelin, 205

8.4 Cerebroside, 205

8.5 Sulfatide, 208

8.6 Oligoglycosylceramide and Gangliosides, 208

8.7 Inositol Phosphorylceramide, 210

8.8 Sphingolipid Metabolites, 2 l0

References, 213

9  Fragmentation Patterns of Glycerolipids

9.1 Introduction, 217

9.2 Monoglyceride, 218

9.3 Diglyceride, 218

9.4 Triglyceride, 222

9.5 Hexosyl Diacylglycerol, 223

9.6 Other Glycolipids, 224

References, 226

10  Fragmentation Patterns of Fatty Acids and Modified Fatty Acids

10.1 Introductiofi, 229

10.2 Nonesterified Fatty Acid, 230

10.3 Modified Fatty Acid, 234

10.4 Fatty Acidomics, 238

     References, 241

11  Fragmentation Patterns of other Bioactive Lipid Metabolites        243

1.1 Introduction, 243

1.2 Acylcarnitine, 244

1.3 Acyl CoA, 245

1.4 Endocannabinoids, 246

1.5 4-Hydroxyalkenal, 248

1.6 Chlorinated Lipids, 251

1.7 Sterols and Oxysterols, 251

1.8 Fatty Acid-Hydroxy Fatty Acids, 252

References, 253

12  Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Lipids

12.1 Introduction, 259

12.2 MALDI-MS Imaging, 264

12.3 Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry Imaging, 267

12.4 DESI-MS Imaging, 268

12.5 Ion-Mobility Imaging, 270

12.6 Advantages and Drawbacks of Imaging Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Lipids,

     References, 272

PART III  QUANTIFICATION OF LIPIDS IN LIPIDOMICS

13  Sample Preparation

13.1 Introduction, 283

13.2 Sampling, Storage, and Related Concerns, 284

13.3 Principles and Methods of Lipid Extraction, 288

References, 300

14  Quantification of Individual Lipid Species in Lipidomics            305

14.1 Introduction, 305

14.2 Principles of Quantifying Lipid Species by Mass Spectrometry, 308

14.3 Methods for Quantification in Lipidomics, 312

     References, 329

15  Factors Affecting Accurate Quantification of Lipids

15.1 Introduction, 335

15.2 Lipid Aggregation, 336

15.3 Linear Dynamic Range of Quantification, 337

15.4 Nuts and Bolts of Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Quantification of Lipids, 339

15.5 Ion Suppression, 341

15.6 Spectral Baseline, 343

15.7 The Effects of Isotopes, 344

15.8 Minimal Number of Internal Standards for Quantification, 347

15.9 In-Source Fragmentation, 349

15.10 Quality of Solvents, 350

15.11 Miscellaneous in Quantitative Analysis of Lipids, 350

References, 350

16  Data Quality Control and Interpretation                          353

16.1 Introduction, 353

16.2 Data Quality Control, 354

16.3 Recognition of Lipid Metabolism Pathways for Data Interpretation, 355

16.4 Recognition of Lipid Functions for Data Interpretation, 360

16.5 Recognizing the Complication of Sample Inhomogeneity and Cellular Compartments in Data Interpretation, 368

16.6 Integration of "Omics" for Data Supporting, 369

     References, 370

PART IV  APPLICATIONS OF LIPIDOMICS IN BIOMEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

17  Lipidomics for Health and Disease

17.1 Introduction, 379

17.2 Diabetes and Obesity, 380

17.3 Cardiovascular Diseases, 382

17.4 Nonalcohol Fatty Liver Disease, 383

17.5 Alzheimer's disease, 385

17.6 Psychosis, 387

17.7 Cancer, 388

17.8 Lipidomics in Nutrition, 390

     References, 393

18  Plant Lipidomics                                               405

18.1 Introduction, 405

18.2 Characterization of Lipids Special to Plant Lipidome, 406

18.3 Lipidomics for Plant Biology, 411

References, 421

19  Lipidomics on Yeast and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

19.1 Introductiofi, 427

19.2 Yeast Lipidomics, 428

19.3 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Lipidomics, 436

     References, 438

20  Lipidomics on Cell Organelle and Subceilular Membranes          443

20.1 Introduction, 443

20.2 Golgi, 444

20.3 Lipid Droplets, 445

20.4 Lipid Rafts, 447

20.5 Mitochondrion, 449

20.6 Nucleus, 452

20.7 Conclusion, 453

References, 454

INDEX