Unnatural amino acids : methods and protocols / edited by Loredano Pollegioni, Stefano Servi. — New York : Humana Press, c2012. – (58.17/M592/v.794)

Contents

    Contents
    
    Preface
    Contributors
    PART I SYNTHESIS OF UNNATUF， AL AMINO ACIDS
    1 Preparation of Unnatural Amino Acids with Ammonia-Lyases and 2，3-Aminomutases
    2 Multistep Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions for Unnatural Amino Acids
    3 Enzymatic Production of Enantiopure Amino Acids from Mono-substituted Hydantoin Substrates 37
    4 Preparation of glutamate analogues by enzymatic transamination
    5 Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Enzymes for the Synthesis of Non-natural Amino Acids
    6 Engineering Cyclic Amidases for Non-natural Amino Acid Synthesis
    PART II APPLICATION OF UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS
    7 NMR Analysis of Unnatural Amino Acids in Natural Antibiotics 107
    8 Site-Specific Incorporation of Unnatural Amino Acids as Probes for Protein Conformational Changes 125
    9 Application of Unnatural Amino Acids to the De Novo Design of Selective Antibiotic Peptides 135
    10 Use of Unnatural Amino Acids to Probe Structure-Activity Relationships and Mode-of-Action of Antimicrobial Peptides 169
    PART III USE OF UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
    11 Experimental Methods for Scanning Unnatural Amino Acid Mutagenesis 187
    12 Genetic Incorporation of Unnatural Amino Acids into Proteins in Yeast 199
    13 Site-Specific Incorporation of Unnatural Amino Acids into Proteins in Mammalian Cells
    14 Incorporation of Unnatural Non-α-Amino Acids into the N-Terminus of Proteins in a Cell-Free Translation System 229
    15 Site-Specific Modification of Proteins by the Staudinger-Phosphite Reaction
    PART IV D-AMINO ACIDS: ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS
    16 HPLC Methods for Determination of D-Aspartate and N-methyl-D-Aspartate 253
    17 Estimation of Chronological Age from the Racemization Rate of L- and D-Aspartic Acid: How to Completely Separate Enantiomers from Dentin 265
    18 Enzymatic Detection of D-AminoAcids 273
    19 An Enzymatic-HPLC Assay to Monitor Endogenous D-Serine Release from Neuronal Cultures 291
    20 Electrophysiological Analysis of the Modulation of NMDA-Receptors Function by D-Serine and Glycine in the Central Nervous System 299
    21 Biosensors for D-Amino Acid Detection 313
    22 Analysis of D-13-Aspartyl Isomers at Specific Sites in Proteins 325
    23 Nutritional Value of D-Amino Acids， D-Peptides， and Amino Acid Derivatives in Mice
    PART V ENZYMES ACTIVE ON D-AMINO ACIDS
    24 Preparation and Assay of Recombinant Serine Racemase
    25 Assay of Amino Acid Racemases
    26 Assays of D-Amino Acid Oxidases
    27 Enzymes Acting on D-Amino Acid Containing Peptides
    Index