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Plant biomass conversion / editors, Elizabeth Hood, Peter Nelson and Randy Powell. — Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. – (72.46/P713) |
Contents
Contents
Contributors
Preface
1 The Bioeconomy: A New Era of Products Derived from Renewable Plant-Based Feedstocks
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Market Opportunity for Biofuels and Biobased Products
1.3 Feedstocks
1.4 The Biochemical Technology Platform
1.5 Investment and Major Players
1.6 The Role of the Farmer
1.7 Opportunities for Rural Development
1.8 Environmental Benefits
1.9 Economic Comparison of the Biochemical and Thermochemical Technology Platforms
1.10 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
2 Agricultural Residues
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Feedstock Supply
2.3 Feedstock Logistics
2.4 Conclusion
Endnotes
References
3 Growing Systems for Traditional and New Forest-Based Materials
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Natural Regeneration
3.3 Overall Growing Systems
3.4 New Genetic Tools
3.5 Agroforestry
3.6 Products from Woody Biomass
3.7 Summary
References
4 Dedicated Herbaceous Energy Crops
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Miscanthus
4.3 Sweet Sorghum
4.4 Switchgrass
4.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
5 Municipal Solid Waste as a Biomass Feedstock
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Definitions
5.3 Disposal Infrastructure and Transfer Stations
5.4 Waste Generation
5.5 Waste Characterization
5.6 Preparing MSW for Conversion Processing--Mixed Waste Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs)
5.7 Cellulosic Content of MSW
5.8 Framing the Potential
References
6 Water Sustainability in Biomass Cropping Systems
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Water Use in Bioenergy Production
6.3 Water Quality Issues in Bioenergy Crops
6.4 Conclusions--Water Quantity and Quality
References
7 Soil Sustainability Issues in Energy Crop Production
7.1 Soil Sustainability Concepts
7.2 Bioenergy Crops and Soil Sustainability
7.3 Resource Use in Biomass Production
7.4 Soil Sustainability Solutions
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 Fermentation Organisms for 5- and 6-Carbon Sugars
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Fermentation
8.3 Metabolic Pathways
8.4 Fermenting Species
8.5 Other Relevant Products
8.6 Summary
Endnotes
References
9 Pretreatment Options
9.1 Overview of Pretreatment Technologies
9.2 Pretreatment Classification
9.3 Laboratory vs. Commercial Scale Pretreatment--What Do We Really Know?
9.4 Process Issues and Trade-Offs
9.5 Economics
9.6 Conclusions
References
10 Enzyme Production Systems for Biomass Conversion
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Challenge: Volume and Cost of Enzymes Required
10.3 Theoretical Ways to Address the Challenge of Quantity of Enzyme and Cost Requirements
10.4 Cost of Producing Exogenous Enzymes
10.5 Summary and Future Prospects
References
11 Fermentation-Based Biofuels
11.1 Introduction
11.2 First-Generation Biofuels
11.3 Policy and Biofuel Implementation Status
11.4 Second-Generation Biofuels
11.5 Issues for Biofuels Commercial Success
11.6 Summary
References
12 Biobased Chemicals and Polymers
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Biobased Feedstock Components
12.3 Biomass Conversion Technologies
12.4 Biobased Products
12.5 Summary
References
13 Carbon Offset Potential of Biomass-Based Energy
13.1 Emerging Public Interest in Carbon
13.2 Theory of Carbon Markets
13.3 Creation of Carbon Markets
13.4 Role of Biomass-Based Energy in Carbon Markets
13.5 Prognosis of Carbon Markets
References
14 Biofuel Economics
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Production Processes
14.3 Biomass Transportation and Handling
14.4 Conversion of Biomass into Sugars
14.5 Conversion of Sugars into Biofuels
14.6 Separation and Purification
14.7 Co-product Handling
14.8 Major Cost Drivers
14.9 Risks
14.10 Policy Support
14.11 Infrastructure and Vehicle Modifications
14.12 Conclusions
14.13 Acknowledgments
References
Index
