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Plant polysaccharides, biosynthesis and bioengineering / edited by Peter Ulvskov. — Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. – (58.842722/P713) |
Contents
CONTENTS
Preface
Dedication
Contributors
1 Cell Wall Polysaccharide Composition and Covalent Crosslinking
1.1 Remit
1.2 The classic primary cell walls of dicots
1.3 Secondary cell walls
1.4 Taxonomic consideration of primary cell walls
1.5 Covalent bonds between wall polysaccharides
1.6 Methodology
1.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
2 Dissection of Plant Cell Walls by High-throughput Methods
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Enzyme fingerprinting
2.3 Structural determination of oligosaccharides
2.4 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
2.5 Microarray-based polymer profiling
2.6 Additional high-throughput methods
2.7 Future perspectives
References
3 Approaches to Chemical Synthesis of Pectic Oligosaccharides
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Pectic polysaccharides: structures and availability of fragments from natural sources
3.3 Reported preparations of pectic oligosaccharides by chemical synthesis
3.4 Oligosaccharide synthesis - basic principles and key features
3.5 Synthesis of homogalacturonan fragments
3.6 Rhamnogalacturonan-II fragments
3.7 Rhamnogalacturonan-I fragments
3.8 Future perspective
References
4 Annotating Carbohydrate-active Enzymes in Plant Genomes Present Challenges
4.1 Introduction
4.2 CAZy: what's behind the name?
4.3 Plant CAZymes: the quest for 'function'
4.4 Plant CAZymes: problems in functional annotation
References
5 Biosynthesis of Plant Cell Wall and Related Polysaccharides by Enzymes of the GT2 and GT48 Families
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Structures and distribution of β-D-glucans synthesized by GT2 and GT48 enzymes
5.3 Early biochemical approaches to plant [3-D-glucan synthases
5.4 Functional genomics and the identification of GT2 cellulose synthases
5.5 Identification of the functions of other GT2 enzymes from plants
5.6 Comparative genomics and the identification of GT2 (1，3;1，4)-β-D-glucan synthases
5.7 Genes for GT2 synthases for bacterial (1，3)-β-D-glucans and related polysaccharides
5.8 Enzymic properties and catalytic mechanisms of the GT2 proteins
5.9 Subcellular locations of GT2 enzymes in plants
5.10 Proteomics and biochemical approaches to the identification of GT48 (1，3)-β-D-glucan synthases from plants
5.11 Enzymic properties of the GT48 proteins
5.12 Future role of biochemistry in the characterization of GT2
5.13 Applications of modified levels of plant β-D-glucans
Acknowledgements
References
6 Glycosyltransferases of the GT8 Family
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Phylogeny of family GT8
6.3 GT8 clades related to plant cell wall polysaccharide synthesis
6.4 GT8 clades not related to cell wall synthesis
6.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
7 Genes and Enzymes of the GT31 Family: Towards Unravelling the Function(s) of the Plant Glycosyltransferase Family Members
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Identification and characterization of the first β-(1，3)-GalTs
7.3 Grouping of accessions based on their phylogenetic relationship
7.4 Conserved motifs and implications for catalysis
7.5 Domains conserved within the plant-specific clades
7.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
8 Glycosyltransferases of the GT34 and GT37 Families
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Family GT37 enzymes
8.3 Family GT34 enzymes
8.4 Concluding comments
References
9 Glycosyltransferases of the GT43 Family
9.1 Introduction
9.2 GT43 glycosyltransferases in plants - putative β-1，4-xylosyltransferases
9.3 GT43 glycosyltransferases in animals -β-1，3-glucuronosyltransferases
9.4 Structural characteristics of GT43 proteins
9.5 Concluding remarks
References
10 Glycosyltransferases of the GT47 Family
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Phylogenetic analysis of CAZy GT47
10.3 Group A
10.4 Group D
10.5 Group B
10.6 Group C
10.7 Subcellular localization and protein-protein interactions
10.8 Conclusion
References
11 The Plant Glycosyltransferase Family GT64: in Search of a Function
11.1 Introduction
11.2 GT64 family members are found in a diverse range of species
11.3 The Arabidopsis GT64 family
11.4 Possible activities of the plant GT64 enzymes
11.5 Concluding remarks
References
12 Glycosyltransferases of the GT77 Family
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The oldest cell wall
12.3 Pfam and fold prediction
12.4 Establishing GT77
12.5 Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
13 Hydroxyproline-rich Glycoproteins: Form and Function
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Post-translational modifications
13.3 Molecular function， biological role
13.4 Evolution
13.5 Epilogue
Acknowledgments
References
14 Plant Cell Wall Biology: Polysaccharides in Architectural and Developmental Contexts
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Plant cell wall biology basics
14.3 Analytical tools to study cell wall microstructures and the diversity of cell wall architectures
14.4 Cell wall architectures: primary cell walls
14.5 In vitro polysaccharide composites
14.6 Cell wall diversity
14.7 Cell wall architectures: secondary cell walls
14.8 Prospects for plant cell wall biology
Acknowledgements
References
15 Enzymatic Modification of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides
15.1 Introduction
15.2 In vivo modifications
15.3 Post-harvest modifications
15.4 Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
16 Production of Heterologous Storage Polysaccharides in Potato Plants
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Starch: native and modified starch， consequences for its properties
16.3 Production of novel storage polysaccharides in plants
16.4 Final remarks
References
17 Glycan Engineering in Transgenic Plants
17.1 Introduction
17.2 N-glycosylation: a major post-translational modification of secreted proteins
17.3 Strategies for glycan engineering in transgenic plants
17.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
18 Polysaccharide Nanobiotechnology: A Case Study of Dental Implant Coating
18.1 Introduction: titanium dental implants and surface modifications
18.2 Rationale for the surface modification of titanium dental implants by nanolayers of MHRs
18.3 Surface modification of titanium dental implants by MHRs
18.4 Reflections and conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
