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Bioactive peptides : applications for improving nutrition and health / Richard Owusu-Apenten. — Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC ; London : Taylor & Francis [distributor], c2010. – (63.32/O97) |
Contents
Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Author xix
Chapter 1 Nutrition and the Host Response to Infection and Injury 1
1.1 Nutrition and Illness 1
1.2 Host Response to Injury 3
1.3 Unintended Weight Loss 6
1.4 Multimodal Nutritional Support Using Bioactive Peptides 13
1.5 Summary and Conclusions 14
References. 16
Chapter 2 Bioactive Peptides for Nutrition and Health 21
2.1 Legislation 21
2.2 Bioactive Peptides and Proteins 30
2.3 Applications of Protein Supplements for Health 35
2.4 Perspectives on Human Trial Data 39
2.5 Summary and Conclusions 41
Appendices 42
References 48
Chapter 3 Dietary Protein Requirements for Health 59
3.1 Introduction 59
3.2 Dietary Protein Quality Relation to Health 62
3.3 Protein Requirements and Health 68
3.4 Dietary Protein and Host Responses to Illness 71
3.5 Peptides and Protein Bioactivity 75
3.6 Types of Dietary Protein Health Effects 84
3.7 Summary and Conclusion 85
Appendices 85
References 86
Chapter 4 Protein Turnover and Economics within the Body 97
4.1 Protein Turnover and Wasting 97
4.2 Baseline Whole Body Protein Turnover 102
4.3 Regional Protein Turnover 103
4.4 Protein Turnover during Illness 105
4.5 Nutrients and Protein Turnover 114
4.6 Slow and Fast Proteins 119
4.7 Summary and Conclusions 124
References 124
Chapter 5 Major Processes for Muscle Gain and Loss 135
5.1 Introduction 135
5.2 Myostatin 140
5.3 Muscle Cell Death and Atrophy 144
5.4 Proteolysis via Ubiquitin Proteasome 149
5.5 Further Signaling Pathways for Muscle Atrophy 153
5.6 Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and Hypertrophy 159
5.7 Summary and Conclusions 162
Appendices 162
References 164
Chapter 6 Inflammation and Innate Immune Response 181
6.1 Types of Inflammation 181
6.2 Proinflammatory Signaling 188
6.3 Anti-Inflammatory Bioactive Peptides and Supplements 197
6.4 In Vivo Applications and Controlled Trials 211
6.5 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 7 Infection and Sepsis 239
7.1 Introduction 239
7.2 Pathogen Recognition and Intracellular Signaling 242
7.3 Host Antimicrobial Peptides 247
7.4 Functions of Antimicrobial Peptides 253
7.5 In Vivo Applications and Human-Trials of AMPs 255
7.6 Summary and Conclusions 260
Appendices 261
References. 265
Chapter 8 Anabolic Dysfunction 275
8.1 Introduction 275
8.2 Insulin and Muscle Protein Metabolism 278
8.3 Growth Hormone and IGF-1 285
8.4 Growth Hormone Secretagogues 289
8.5 Leucine， BCAA， and Related Peptides 294
8.6 In Vivo Applications and Clinical Trials 296
References 304
Chapter 9 Bioactive Peptides for Alleviating Illness Anorexia 323
9.1 Illness Anorexia 323
9.2 Leptin and Food Intake 327
9.3 Melanocortin Peptides 331
9.4 Ghrelin 337
9.5 Other Bioactive Peptides for Moderating Appetite 346
9.6 In Vivo Studies and Controlled Trials 351
9.7 Summary and Conclusions 354
References 355
Index 369
