Data analysis in vegetation ecology / Otto Wildi. — Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. – (58.851/W673) |
Contents
Contents
Preface
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
2 Patterns in Vegetation Ecology
2.1 Pattern recognition
2.2 Interpretation of patterns
2.3 Sampling for pattern recognition
3 Transformation
3.1 Data types
3.2 Scalar transformation and the species enigma
3.3 Vector transformation
3.4 Example: Transformation of plant cover data
4 Multivariate Comparison
4.1 Resemblance in multivariate space
4.2 Geometric approach
4.3 Contingency testing
4.4 Product moments
4.5 The resemblance matrix
4.6 Assessing the quality of classifications
5 0rdinaUon
5.1 Why ordination?
5.2 Principal component analysis (PCA)
5.3 Principal coordinates analysis (PCOA)
5.4 Correspondence analysis (CA)
5.5 The horseshoe or arch effect
5.6 Ranking by orthogonal components
6 Classification
6.1 Group structures
6.2 Linkage clustering
6.3 Minimum-variance clustering
6.4 Average-Linkage clustering: UPGMA, WPGMA, UPGMC and WPGMC
6.5 Forming groups
6.6 Structured synoptic tables
7 3oining Ecological Patterns
7.1 Pattern and ecological response
7.2 Analysis of variance
7.3 Correlating resemblance matrices
7.4 Contingency tables
7.5 Constrained ordination
8 Static Explanatory Modelling
8.1 Predictive or explanatory?
8.2 The Bayes probability model
8.3 Predicting wetland vegetation (example)
9 Assessing Vegetation Change in Time
9.1 Coping with time
9.2 Rate of change and trend
9.3 Markov models
9.4 Space-for-time substitution
9.5 Dynamics in pollen diagrams (example)
10 Dynamic Modelling
10.1 Simulating time processes
10.2 Including space processes
10.3 Processes in the Swiss National Park (SNP)
11 Large Data Sets: Wetland Patterns
11.1 Large data sets differ
11.2 Phytosociology revisited
11.3 Suppressing outliers
11.4 Replacing species with new attributes
11.5 Large synoptic tables?
12 Swiss Forests: A Case Study
12.1 Aim of the study
12.2 Structure of the data set
12.3 Methods
12.4 Selected questions
12.5 Conclusions
Appendix A On Using Software
A.1 Spreadsheets
A.2 Databases
A.3 Software for multivariate analysis
Appendix B Data Sets Used
References
Index