Advances in virus research. v. 73 / edited by Karl Maramorosch, Aaron J. Shatkin, Frederick A. Murphy. — Amsterdam : Elsevier, c2009. – (58.679/A244/v.73) |
Contents
CONTENTS
1. Looking Back in 2009 at the Dawning of Antiviral Therapy Now 50 Years Ago: An Historical Perspective
I. Introduction
II. Thiosemicarbazones: The First Antiviral Drugs Found Active Against the Poxvirus Vaccinia Virus
III. Renaissance of the Poxvirus Inhibitors: Antiviral Poxvirus (Variola Virus) Attack
IV. Benzimidazole Derivatives: Second Attempt to Chemotherapy Era
V. Renaissance of the Benzimidazole Derivatives: Now Turning into Lead Candidates for the Treatment of Human CMV Infections
VI. 5-Substituted 2'-Deoxyuridines: Idoxuridine (IDU) and Trifluridine (TFT), the Third and Definitive Attempt to Unleash Antiviral chemotherapy
VII. 5-Substituted 2~-Deoxyuridines: IDU (and TFT) as the Starting Point(s) for Other 5-Substituted 21-Deoxyuridines, that is, BVDU [(E)-S-(2-Bromovinyl)-2t-Deoxyuridine]
VIII. Arabinosyladenine (ara-A), Originally Conceived as an Antitumor Agent, the First Antiviral Dru8 Licensed and Used for Systemic treatment
IX. Acyclovir: The Start of the Selective Antiviral Chemotherapy Era, and Still the "Gold Standard" for HSV Therapy
X. Anti-influenza Virus Therapy: A First Attempt (DRB), Followed by a Second (Amantadine) and a Third Attempt (Neuraminidase Inhibitors)
XI. Ribavirin and Interferon, Two "Old-Timers", Joining Forces in the Treatment of a Relatively New Disease, Hepatitis C
XII. (S)-9-(2,3-Dihydroxypropy[)adenine (DHPA), the First Acyclic Adenosine Analog, Leading to S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) Hydrolase Inhibitors as Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents
XIII. (S)-9-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)adenine (DHPA) Leading to the First Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate, (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (HPMPA), as a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agent
XIV. 9-(2-Phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA), the Sister Compound of HPMPA
XV. From PMEA (Adefovir) to PMPA (tenofovir): It All Depends on the Substitution of a Methyl Group for a Hydrogen 28
XVI. Suramin, the First Antiviral Drug Ever Shown to Inhibit HIV Infection Both in vitro and in vivo
XVII. The Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) with Azidothymidine (AZT) as the Starting Point
XVIII. The Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs), with the HEPT and TIBO Derivatives as the Starting Point
XIX. The HIV Protease Inhibitors (PIs), Hailed From Their Inception, as Resulting from rational design
XX. New HIV Inhibitors, Targeted at Either Fusion (Enfuvirtide), Coreceptor usage (maraviroc), or Integrase (Raltegravir)
XXI. Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
2. Use of Animal Models to Understand the Pandemic Potential of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses
I. Introduction
II. Influenza A Virus Subtypes and Host Range
III. Avian Influenza A Virus in Humans
IV. Use of the Mouse Model to Study Influenza Virus Pathogenesis
V. Use of the Ferret Model to Study Influenza Virus Pathogenesis
VI. Molecular Basis of Avian Influenza Pathogenesis
VII. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
3. Virus Versus Host Cell Translation: Love and Hate Stories
I. Introduction
II. Regulation Prior to Translation
III. Initiation of Translation
IV. Elongation of Translation
V. Termination of Translation
VI. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References