Modern biotechnology : connecting innovations in microbiology and biochemistry to engineering fund amentals / by Nathan S. Mosier, Michael R. Ladisch. — Oxford : Wiley, c2009. – (58.2/M911m)

Contents

        CONTENTS
    
    Contributors
    Preface
    1 Cancer Stem Cells: Similarities and Variations in the Theme of Normal Stem Cells
    1.1 Introduction， 1
    1.2 Stem Cells in the Life of an Organism， 2
    1.3 Cancer Stem Cells， 7
    1.4 Self-Renewal and Differentiation in CSCs， 13
    1.5 CSC Plasticity as Regulated by Intrinsic and Extrinsic Stem Cell Factors，<br>    1.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives， 18 References， 20
    2 Leukemic Stem Cells
    2.1 Introduction， 27
    2.2 Dysregulation of Hematopoiesis in Leukemia， 28
    2.3 Identification and isolation of Cancer-Initiating Cells in Leukemia， 35
    2.4 Molecular Regulation of Aberrant Hierarchies， 36
    2.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives， 44
    References， 45
    3 Isolation and Characterization of Breast and Brain Cancer Stem Cells
    3.1 Introduction， 57
    3.2 Breast Cancer Stem Cells， 58
    3.3 Brain Cancer Stem Cells， 64
    3.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives， 69
    References， 70
    4 Cancer Stem Cell Side Populations
    4.1 Introduction， 73
    4.2 Stem Cell Side Populations， 75
    4.3 Side Populations in Normal Tissue， 78
    4.4 Side Populations in Tumors， 79
    4.5 Overcoming Side Population Limitations， 80
    4.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives， 81
    References， 82
    5 Evidence for Cancer Stem Cells in Retinoblastoma
    5.1 Introduction， 87
    5.2 Elusive Origins of Retinoblastoma， 87
    5.3 Sources of Retinoblastoma Cells for Study， 88
    5.4 Precedent for Cancer Stem Cells， 88
    5.5 Side Populations in Retinoblastoma， 89
    5.6 Immunoreactivity to Stem Cell Markers in Retinoblastoma， 89
    5.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives， 91
    References， 92
    6 Ovarian Stem Cell Biology and the Emergence of Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells
    6.1 Introduction， 95
    6.2 Overview of the Human Ovary， 95
    6.3 Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Adult Mammalian Ovary， 98
    6.4 Is Ovarian Cancer a Stem Cell Disease?， 104
    References， 107
    7 Prostate Cancer Stem Cells
    7.1 Introduction， 111
    7.2 Human Prostate Biology， Gland Architecture， and Pathological Alterations
    7.3 Prostate Epithelial Stem Cells， 113
    7.4 Prostate Cancer Stem Cells， 120
    7.5 Stem Cell Tracking in the Prostate， 125
    7.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives， 127
    References， 127
    8 Molecular Signatures of Highly Malignant Melanoma Stem Cells 135
    8.1 General Properties of Human Melanomas， 135
    8.2 Characteristics of Stem Cell-Derived Melanomas， 136
    8.3 The Cat Model System for Stem Cell Melanomas， 137
    8.4 Challenges of Research in Cancer Stem Cells and Therapeutics， 152
    8.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives， 154
    References， 156
    9 Invasion Program of Normal and Cancer Stem Cells
    9.1 Introduction， 167
    9.2 Basics of Tumor Progression: Invasion and Metastasis， 168
    9.3 Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Development and Its Relation to The Invasive Process， 169
    9.4 Regulation of EMT: From Signals to Molecular Pathways， 172
    9.5 EMT and Cancer Stem Ceils， 176
    9.6 Can Stem Cell Properties Be Extensive to Invasive Tumor Cells?， 177
    9.7 Is There a Unique EMT Program Linked to Invasion?， 178
    9.8 Evidence of EMT in Human Clinical Tumors， 180
    9.9 Expression of Mesenchymal Markers and Cadherin Switching in Carcinomas，<br>    9.10 Expression of EMT Inducers in Human Tumors， 183
    9.11 Occurrence of EMT in a Specific Subset of Breast Carcinomas， 185
    9.12 Conclusions and Future Perspectives， 186
    References， 187
    10 Epigenetics in Cancer Stem Cell Development
    10.1 Introduction， 197
    10.2 Characterization of Candidate Cancer Stem Cells， 198
    10.3 Possible Origins of Cancer Stem Cells， 198
    10.4 Epigenetics in Normal Development， 199
    10.5 Epigenetic Regulation of the Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype， 200
    10.6 Contributions of Epigenetics to Drug Resistance in Cancer Stem Cells， 204
    10.7 Genome-Wide Interrogation of Epigenetic Modifications in Cancer Stem Cells，<br>    10.8 Epigenetic Therapies Against Poorly Differentiated Cancer Cells， 207
    10.9 Conclusions and Future Perspectives， 208
    References， 209
    11 Cancer Stem Cells and New Therapeutic Approaches
    11.1 Cancer Stem Cells， 217
    11.2 Activation of Stem Cells and Cancer， 218
    11.3 Major Cancers and Risk Factors， 223
    11.4 Treatment Implications， 225
    11.5 Future Perspectives， 227
    11.6 Conclusions， 228
    References， 243
    12 Immunobiology of Cancer Stem Cells
    12.1 Cancer Stem Cells， 233
    12.2 Cancer Stem Cells and Lymphocytes， 234
    12.3 Trafficking of Normal Stem Cells and Metastasis of Cancer Stern Cells，<br>    References， 238
    Index