What can nanotechnology learn from biotechnology? : social and ethical lessons for nanoscience from the debate over agrifood biotechnology and GMOs = 生物技术对纳米科学的启示 : 农产品生物技术及转基因生物的争议给纳米科学带来的社会意义及道德启示 / edited by Kenneth David, Paul B. Thompson. — [Rep |
Contents
Contents
Acknowledgments xi
Preface xiii
About the Authors xv
PART 1 Analytic Introduction
1 Socio-Technical Analysis of those Concerned with Emerging Technology, Engagement, and Governance
In a nutshell: our audiences and our core objective
Nano-benefits, nano-issues, nano-fears, and reactions
Objectives of this volume
Contending perspectives
Roadmap to this volume
Conclusion
Endnotes
References
Internet references
PART 2 Looking Back to the Bio Debate 31
2 Learning From Mistakes: Missteps in Public Acceptance Issues with GMOs
Introduction
Problems with terminology
What is genetic modification/genetic
engineering/biotechnology?
History of biotechnology
How is biotechnology (rDNA) used?
Applications of biotechnology
Red and green biotechnology
Biotechnology has been compared to a train
Risks: real and perceived
Distinguishing perspectives
Conclusion
References
3 The Ethics of Agri-Food Biotechnology: How Can an Agricultural Technology be so Important?
Introduction
The environmental ethics of agbiotech
The safety of GM foods
Ethics and choice
Ethics and control
Conclusion: whither nanotechnology ethics?
References
Internet references
4 A View from the Advocacy Community
Introduction
Basics of the biotechnology debate
Continuing controversy for agricultural and food
Applications
Classifying nanotechnology risks
Consequences if nanochemicals present
special risks
Three lessons
PART 3 Questioning the Analogy (From Bio to Nano) 89
5 The Three Teachings of Biotechnology 91
Introduction
What are we talking about?
If you do not agree with me you must be stupid!
A one-sided dialogue
Conclusions
Endnotes
References 103
Internet references 104
6 From Bio to Nano: Learning the Lessons, Interrogating the Comparisons
Introduction
Learning from the past
Learning from the present
Lessons for nanotechnologies
Endnotes
References
7 Nano and Bio: How are they Alike? How are they Different?
Why nanotechnology may not be much like biotechnology
Hypothesis 1: food technologies are sensitive.
Hypothesis 2: the naturalness thing
Hypothesis 3: playing God
Hypothesis 4: environmental release
Hypothesis 5: public educational efforts are inoculating nanotechnology against public opposition
Hypothesis 6: agrifood biotechnology was narrow, nanotechnology is broad
Hypothesis 7: no benefit to consumers.
Hypothesis 8: lack of confidence in the regulatory system
Hypothesis 9: intellectual property rights
Hypothesis 10: changing relations of economic power
Analysis
References
Internet references
8 "It's Like D6j&-Vu, All Over Again": Anticipating Societal Responses to Nanotechnologies
Introduction
How many more times will we be "surprised" by societal responses?
Why is the same technology sometimes accepted and sometimes rejected in apparently similar circumstances?
To what extent can we accurately anticipate societal responses and acceptability?
How can, or should, society make better-informed decisions?
Agricultural nanotechnologies-members of a class of technologies
Patterns of societal response can be anticipated
Suggesting a conceptual Framework: PACT
Conclusion: a call For a convergent science of societal response
Endnotes
References
Internet references
PART 4 Areas of Ambiguity in Implementing an Emerging Technology
9 A Framework For Translating Biotechnology Experiences to Nanotechnology
New technologies from discovery to market
From science to technology
Radical technologies and innovation
Innovation and agricultural biotechnology
New technologies and industry structure
Endnotes
References
10 Engagement and Translation: Perspective of a Natural Scientist
Focus
Engagement
Translation issues
Discussion
Endnotes
References
Internet references
11 Biotechnology, Nanotechnology, Media, and Public Opinion
Introduction
Problematizing the categories
Media and public opinion
Social constructions of “the public”<br> Discussion
Endnotes
References
PART S Looking Forward to the Nano Situation
12 Lessons from the Bio-Decade: A Social Scientific Perspective 237
Introduction
Understanding the process of innovation
Questioning sound science
Perspectives on risk
Menacing images and magical thinking
Uncertainty and anxiety
Weighing up gains and losses
Truth claims and communicating science
Changing science, changing societies
Implications for nanotechnology
References
13 What Can Nanotechnology Learn from Biotechnology?
Introduction
Scientific innovation
The process of innovation of new products in biotechnology
Processes of variable regulation of biotechnology
Furor over bovine growth hormone
The major actors
Recent developments
Conclusions: lessons identified
Endnotes
References
Internet references
Appendix I A Primer on Genetic Engineering
Appendix II Report From the Standards For Nanotechnology Workshop
Appendix III List of Abbreviations
Appendix IV Participants at First International IFAS Conference on Nanotechnology "What Can Nano Learn From Bio?"
Appendix V Participants in the "Standards For Nanotechnology" Workshop, 2006
Index