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新书资源(2009年9月)

What can nanotechnology learn from biotechnology? : social and ethical lessons for nanoscience from the debate over agrifood biotechnology and GMOs = 生物技术对纳米科学的启示 : 农产品生物技术及转基因生物的争议给纳米科学带来的社会意义及道德启示 / edited by Kenneth David, Paul B. Thompson. — [Rep

Contents

    Contents
    
    Acknowledgments xi
    Preface xiii
    About the Authors xv
    PART 1 Analytic Introduction
    1 Socio-Technical Analysis of those Concerned with Emerging Technology, Engagement, and Governance
    In a nutshell: our audiences and our core objective
    Nano-benefits, nano-issues, nano-fears, and reactions
    Objectives of this volume
    Contending perspectives
    Roadmap to this volume
    Conclusion
    Endnotes
    References
    Internet references
    PART 2 Looking Back to the Bio Debate 31
    2 Learning From Mistakes: Missteps in Public Acceptance Issues with GMOs
    Introduction
    Problems with terminology
    What is genetic modification/genetic
    engineering/biotechnology?
    History of biotechnology
    How is biotechnology (rDNA) used?
    Applications of biotechnology
    Red and green biotechnology
    Biotechnology has been compared to a train
    Risks: real and perceived
    Distinguishing perspectives
    Conclusion
    References
    3 The Ethics of Agri-Food Biotechnology: How Can an Agricultural Technology be so Important?
    Introduction
    The environmental ethics of agbiotech
    The safety of GM foods
    Ethics and choice
    Ethics and control
    Conclusion: whither nanotechnology ethics?
    References
    Internet references
    4 A View from the Advocacy Community
    Introduction
    Basics of the biotechnology debate
    Continuing controversy for agricultural and food
    Applications
    Classifying nanotechnology risks
    Consequences if nanochemicals present
    special risks
    Three lessons
    PART 3 Questioning the Analogy (From Bio to Nano) 89
    5 The Three Teachings of Biotechnology 91
    Introduction
    What are we talking about?
    If you do not agree with me you must be stupid!
    A one-sided dialogue
    Conclusions
    Endnotes
    References 103
    Internet references 104
    6 From Bio to Nano: Learning the Lessons, Interrogating the Comparisons
    Introduction
    Learning from the past
    Learning from the present
    Lessons for nanotechnologies
    Endnotes
    References
    7 Nano and Bio: How are they Alike? How are they Different?
    Why nanotechnology may not be much like biotechnology
    Hypothesis 1: food technologies are sensitive.
    Hypothesis 2: the naturalness thing
    Hypothesis 3: playing God
    Hypothesis 4: environmental release
    Hypothesis 5: public educational efforts are inoculating nanotechnology against public opposition
    Hypothesis 6: agrifood biotechnology was narrow, nanotechnology is broad
    Hypothesis 7: no benefit to consumers.
    Hypothesis 8: lack of confidence in the regulatory system
    Hypothesis 9: intellectual property rights
    Hypothesis 10: changing relations of economic power
    Analysis
    References
    Internet references
    8 "It's Like D6j&-Vu, All Over Again": Anticipating Societal Responses to Nanotechnologies
    Introduction
    How many more times will we be "surprised" by societal responses?
    Why is the same technology sometimes accepted and sometimes rejected in apparently similar circumstances?
    To what extent can we accurately anticipate societal responses and acceptability?
    How can, or should, society make better-informed decisions?
    Agricultural nanotechnologies-members of a class of technologies
    Patterns of societal response can be anticipated
    Suggesting a conceptual Framework: PACT
    Conclusion: a call For a convergent science of societal response
    Endnotes
    References
    Internet references
    PART 4 Areas of Ambiguity in Implementing an Emerging Technology
    9 A Framework For Translating Biotechnology Experiences to Nanotechnology
    New technologies from discovery to market
    From science to technology
    Radical technologies and innovation
    Innovation and agricultural biotechnology
    New technologies and industry structure
    Endnotes
    References
    10 Engagement and Translation: Perspective of a Natural Scientist
    Focus
    Engagement
    Translation issues
    Discussion
    Endnotes
    References
    Internet references
    11 Biotechnology, Nanotechnology, Media, and Public Opinion
    Introduction
    Problematizing the categories
    Media and public opinion
    Social constructions of “the public”<br>    Discussion
    Endnotes
    References
    PART S Looking Forward to the Nano Situation
    12 Lessons from the Bio-Decade: A Social Scientific Perspective 237
    Introduction
    Understanding the process of innovation
    Questioning sound science
    Perspectives on risk
    Menacing images and magical thinking
    Uncertainty and anxiety
    Weighing up gains and losses
    Truth claims and communicating science
    Changing science, changing societies
    Implications for nanotechnology
    References
    13 What Can Nanotechnology Learn from Biotechnology?
    Introduction
    Scientific innovation
    The process of innovation of new products in biotechnology
    Processes of variable regulation of biotechnology
    Furor over bovine growth hormone
    The major actors
    Recent developments
    Conclusions: lessons identified
    Endnotes
    References
    Internet references
    Appendix I A Primer on Genetic Engineering
    Appendix II Report From the Standards For Nanotechnology Workshop
    Appendix III List of Abbreviations
    Appendix IV Participants at First International IFAS Conference on Nanotechnology "What Can Nano Learn From Bio?"
    Appendix V Participants in the "Standards For Nanotechnology" Workshop, 2006
    Index