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Neural degeneration and repair : gene expression profilling, proteomics, and systems biology / edited by Hans Werner Muller. — Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, c2008. – (59.597/N494d) |
Contents
Contents
Preface XI
List of Contributors XIII
1 Microarrays in Systems Neurobiology and Translational Neuroscience - From Genome Research to Clinical Applications
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Gene Expression Before Microarrays 2
1.3 Designing and Implementing a Microarray Experiment - From Start to Finish 5
1.4 Clinical Applications 13
2 A Meta-Analysis of Large-Scale Gene Expression Studies of the Injured PNS: Toward the Genetic Networks That Govern Successful Regeneration 35
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 Lesion Models in the Peripheral Nervous System 35
2.3 Cellular Events After Injury 37
2.4 Large-Scale Screening Efforts to Find Novel Regeneration-Associated Genes 40
2.5 Developing New Insights into the Molecular Biology of Regenerative Neurite Outgrowth: From Single Gene to Genetic Networks 47
3 Analyzing Complex Gene Expression Profiles in Sensorimotor Cortex Following Spinal Cord Injury and Regeneration Promoting Treatment 61
3.1 Introduction 61
3.2 Scar-Suppressing Treatment of SCI 62
3.3 Experimental Design 63
3.4 Data Analysis 65
3.5 Results and Discussion 78
4 Unraveling Plasticity of Dorsal Root Ganglion and Spinal Cord Neurons Using cDNA Arrays 91
4.1 Identification of Regulated Molecules in DRG After Peripheral Nerve Injury 92
4.2 Modification of Gene Expression in the Dorsal Horn of Spinal Cord 97
4.3 Potential Pharmacological Impact of the Regulated Molecules 99
4.4 Future Application of Gene Array 100
References 101
5 The Role of Gene Expression Dependent Molecular Pathways in Axon Plasticity and Neuron Repair Following Acute CNS Injury 105
5.1 Introduction 105
5.2 The Mechanisms that Determine Functional Recovery Following Acute CNS Damage 108
5.3 Repair and Tissue Plasticity Gene Expression Changes Following Acute CNS Injury 111
5.4 Gene Expression Profiles and Gene Clusters Related to Axon Sprouting and Regeneration 113
5.5 The Role of Transcription Factors in the Control of Axon Growth and Regeneration 117
5.6 Therapeutic Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders 119
5.7 Future Perspectives 122
References 124
6 Axonal mRNA in Regeneration 135
6.1 Introduction 135
6.2 A Link Between Axon Regeneration and Local Protein Synthesis 136
6.3 Axonal mRNA Update 136
6.4 Axonal RNA Transport and Translation in Axon Guidance 141
6.5 Axonal RNA in Mammalian Axons 144
6.6 Summary and Conclusions 146
References 147
7 Proteomic Approaches to Axon Injury - Postgenomic Approaches to a Posttranscriptional Process 153
7.1 Rapid Responses to Injury 153
7.2 Retrograde Injury Signaling via Molecular Motors 154
7.3 Posttranscriptional Mechanisms in Axon Maintenance or Regrowth After Injury 156
7.4 Proteomics in Studies of Axon Injury Responses 157
7.5 Proteomics of Retrograde Injury Signals - From Local Translation to Signal Identification 158
7.6 Differential Proteomics in Central versus Peripheral Axon Tracts 159
7.7 Proteomics in Regenerating or Degenerating Axons 160
7.8 Moving Forward - Technical Developments with Potential Application in Neuroproteomics 161
7.9 Conclusions 162
References 163
8 Genomics Approaches to the Study of Neurodegeneration 167
8.1 Introduction 167
8.2 Causes of Neurodegeneration 168
8.3 Gene Expression Studies in Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury 172
8.4 Concluding Remarks 177
References 177
9 Redox Proteomics and Metabolic Proteins in Brain of Subjects with Alzheimer's Disease， Mild Cognitive Impairment， and Models Thereof 181
9.1 Oxidative Stress 181
9.2 Redox Proteomics 182
9.3 Oxidative Damage in AD 186
9.4 Role of Identified Energy-Related Proteins in AD Brain 188
9.5 Oxidative Stress in MCI 190
9.6 Models of Alzheimer's Disease 190
9.7 Conclusions 194
References 195
10 Gene Expression Profiling of Gliomas - Improving the Understanding of Glioma Biology and Paving the Way for Molecular Classification 209
10.1 Introduction 209
10.2 Expression Profiling and Glioma Classification 211
10.3 Progression-Associated Gene Expression Changes in Gliomas 215
10.4 Expression Signatures Relating to Tumor Location 217
10.5 Pathway-Associated Expression Signatures and Targeted Therapies 218
10.6 Expression Profiling of Selected Tumor Cell Subpopulations - Deciphering Tumor Heterogeneity 219
10.7 Summary and Outlook 223
References 224
Index 229
