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新书资源(2008年8月)

Biotechology for beginners / Reinhard Renneberg ; edited by Arnold L. Demain with a foreword by Tom A. Rapoport. — Berlin ; Boston : Springer-Verlag, c2008. – (58.2/R414)

Contents

    CONTENTS
    
    FOREWORDS
    Chapter 1 BEER, BREAD, AND CHEESE - The Tasty Side of Biotechnology
    1.1 In the Beginning, There Were Beer and Wine - Nurturing Civilization
    1.2 Yeasts - The Secret Behind Alcoholic Fermentation
    1.3 Now as Ever, Beer Is Brewed from Yeast, Water, Malt, and Hops
    1.4 Cells Run on Solar Energy
    1.5 For Yeast, Alcohol Has Nothing to Do With Enjoyment, but All With Survival
    1.6 Highly Concentrated Alcohol Is Obtained by Distillation
    1.7 Bacterially Produced Acidic Preservatives
    1.8 Coffee, Cocoa, Vanilla, Tobacco - Fermentation for Enhanced Pleasure
    1.9 An Alliance of Molds and Bacteria in Cheese Production
    1.10 Sake and Soy Sauce
    1.11 What Exactly Is Fermentation?
    Chapter 2 ENZYMES - Molecular Supercatalysts for Use at Home and in Industry
    2.1 Enzymes Are High-performing and Highly Specific Biocatalysts
    2.2 Lysozyme - The First Enzyme to Be Understood in Structure and Function Down to Minute Molecular Detail
    2.3 The Role of Cofactors in Complex Enzymes
    2.4 Animals, Plants, and Microorganisms as Enzyme Sources
    2.5 Extracellular Hydrolases Degrade Biopolymers into Smaller Manageable Units
    2.6 Amylases Are Used for Brewing, Baking, and Desizing
    2.7 Pectinases Increase Fruit and Vegetable Juice Production
    2.8 Biological Detergents - The Most Important Application Area of Hydrolytic Enzyme
    2.9 Proteases Tenderize Meat and Tan Leather
    2.10 Immobilization - Reusing Enzymes
    2.11 Glucose Isomerase and Fructose Syrup - Boosting the Sweetness of Sugar
    2.12 Immobilized Enzymes in Human and Animal Food Production
    2.13 Making Use of Cofactor Regeneration - Enzyme Membrane Reactors
    2.14 Immobilized Cells
    Chapter 3 THE WONDERS OF GENE TECHNOLOGY
    3.1 DNA - The Double Helix as a Physical Carrier of Genetic Material
    3.2 DNA Polymerases Catalyze the Replication of the DNA Double Strand
    3.3 Not All Genes Are Encrypted in DNA. RNA Viruses Use Single-Stranded RNA
    3.4 Deciphering the Genetic Code
    3.5 The Human Genome- A Giant 23-Volume Encyclopedia
    3.6 The DNA Code Deciphered - Artificial RNA Decodes the Codons
    3.7 DNA Sites Around the Structural Genes Control the Expression of Genes
    3.8 Ribosomes - The Protein Production Plant Inside the Cell
    3.9 Recombination - A Genetic Reshuffling of Cards
    3.10 Plasmids - Ideal Vectors for Genetic Material
    3.11 Scissors and Glue at a Molecular Level - Restriction Endonucleases and DNA Ligases
    3.12 First Experiments in Gene Techno logy - Croaking Bacteria?
    3.13 How to Obtain Genes
    3.14 Human Insulin from Bacteria?
    3.15 Insulin Synthesis in Humans
    3.16 Rat Proinsulin - The Beginnings of Genetic Enginee ring
    3.17 DNA Hybridization - How to Find Bacteria Using DNA Probes
    3.18 A Slight Diversion - Somatostatin - The First Human Protein Obtained from Bacteria
    3.19 How Enzymes Turn Porcine Insulin into Human Insulin
    3.20 Eureka! The First Genetically Engineered Insulin Has Been Produced
    3.21 Asilomar - How Dangerous Is Modern Gene Technology?
    3.22 Human Proinsulin Obtained from a Single E. coli Strain
    3.23 Bakers' Yeast for Proinsulin Production
    3.24 Artificial Insulin Variants (Muteins) Obtained by Protein Engineering
    3.25 Genetically Modified Mammalian Cells for the Production of Modified Complex Proteins
    Chapter 4 WHITE BIOTECHNOLOGY - Cells As Synthetic Factories
    4.1 An Overview
    4.2 Tactical Adaptation
    4.3 Strategic Adaptation: Enzyme Production on Demand
    4.4 An Allosteric Molecular Computer - Glutamine Synthetase
    4.5 Catabolite Repression or Fishing for Polymerase
    4.6 Mold Replacing Lemons
    4.7 Overproduction of Lysine - How Mutants Outwit the Feedback Inhibition of Aspartate Kinase
    4.8 L Glutamate -"Levorotatory" Soup Seasoning in Abundance
    4.9 Chemical Synthesis Versus Microbial Production
    4.10 L Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
    4.11 Aspartame - Sweet Success of a Dipeptide Ester
    4.12 Immobilized Cells Producing Amino Acids and Organic Acids
    4.13 Mutations as a Way of Targeting Microbial Programming
    4.14 Penicillium notatum - Alexander Fleming's Miraculous Fungus
    4.15 Screening - Biotechnologists In Search of Molds
    4.16 What's On The Microbial Menu?
    4.17 A Modern Biofactory
    4.18 Heat, Cold and Dry Conditions Keep Microbes at Bay
    4.19 Downstream Processing
    4.20 Streptomycin and Cephalosporins - The Next Generation of Antibiotics
    4.21 The Race Against Microbial Resistance
    4.22 Cyclosporin - A Microbial Product Used in Transplants
    4.23 Steroid Hormones - Cortisone and the Contraceptive Pill
    Chapter 5 VIRUSES, ANTIBODIES, AND VACCINES
    5.1 Viruses - Borrowed Life
    5.2 How Viruses Attack Cells
    5.3 How the Body Defends Itself Against Infections - Humoral Immune Response Through Antibodies
    5.4 Cellular Immune Response: Killer T-Cells
    5.5 The First Vaccination: Cowpox against Smallpox
    5.6 Contemporary Vaccination
    5.7 Live Vaccines
    5.8 Monoclonal Antibodies
    5.9 Catalytic Antibodies
    5.10 Recombinant Antibodies
    5.11 Recombinant Antibody Libraries
    5.12 Piggyback or Phage Display - The Next Revolution
    5.13 Phage Display for High Affinity Growth Hormone
    5.14 New Hope for Cancer Patients - Retuximab, a Recombinant Antibody
    Chapter 6 ENVI RON MENTAL BIOTECH NOLOGY From One-Way Streets to Traffic Circles
    6.1 Clean Water A Bioproduct
    6.2 Aerobic Water Purification - Sewage Farms, Trickling Filters, and Activated Sludge
    6.3 Biogas
    6.4 Biogas Could Save Forests!
    6.5 Biogas in Indus trial Countries - Using Liquid Manure
    6.6 Fuel Growing in the Fields
    6.7 Ananda Chakrabarty's OilGuzzlers
    6.8 Sugar and Alcohol from Wood
    6.9 Basic Chemicals from Bio- mass?
    6.10 Silent Mining
    6.11 A New Life for Tired Oil Wells?
    6.12 Bioplastic - From Dead End to Merry-Go-Round
    Chapter 7 GREEN BIOTECHNOLOGY
    7.1 Microbes Are Edible
    7.2 Algae and Cyanobacteria
    7.3 Single CellProtein: the Hope for Cheap Sources of Protein
    7.4 Mycoprotein is a Success with Consumers as a Vegetable Protein
    7.5 "Green" Biotechnology at the Doorstep
    7.6 Fields in a Test Tube: in vitro Plant Breeding
    7.7 Meristem Culture
    7.8 Haploid Cultures: Anthers and Ovaries
    7.9 Callus and Suspension Cultures
    7.10 Plant Cells in the Bioreactor Produce Active Substances
    7.11 Which Active Substances from Plants Will Follow Shikonin?
    7.12 Agrobacterium - A Pest as a Genetic Engineer
    7.13 Biolistic Gene Transfer: DNA Shot from a Gun
    7.14 Transgenic Plants: Herbicide Resistance
    7.15 Biological Insecticide
    7.16 Blue Carnations and Flaw Savr Tomatoes
    7.17 Danger from Genetically Modified Food?
    7.18 Should Genetically Modified Food Be Labeled?
    7.19 Gene Pharming
    7.20 Transgenic Plants - A Heated Debate
    7.21 Tropical Palms
    7.22 Bacteria in Snow Guns Safeguard Skiing Holidays
    Chapter 8 EMBRYOS, CLONES AND TRANSGENIC ANIMALS
    8.1 Artificial Insemination
    8.2 Embryo Transfer and In Vitro Fertilization
    8.3 Animals Threatened with Extinction Could be Saved By Embryo Transfer
    8.4 Chimeric Animals Have at Least Four Genetic Parents
    8.5 Transgenic Animals - From Giant Mouse to Giant Cow?
    8.6 Growth Hormones for Cows and Pigs
    8.7 "Gene Pharming" - Valuable Human Proteins in Milk and Eggs
    8.8 Transgenic Fish - From GloFish to Giant Trout
    8.9 Knockout Mice
    8.10 Xenotransplantation
    8.11 Cloning- Mass Production of Twins
    8.12 Clones of Frogs and Newts
    8.13 Dolly - The Breakthrough in Animal Cloning
    8.14 Difficulties in the Cloning Process
    8.15 Cloning Cats - Parental Variations
    8.16 What About Humans? Cloning, IVF, and PID
    8.17 The Embryo Yielding Its Secret and the Human Genome Project
    Chapter 9 MYOCARDIAL IN FARCTION, CANCER AND STEM CELLS BIOTECHNOLOGY IS A LIFE SAVER
    9.1 Myocardial Infarction and Anticoagulants
    9.2 Fibrinolysis Following Myocardial Infarction: Using Enzymes to Dissolve Thrombi
    9.3 Stroke: Help from the Vampire Enzyme
    9.4 Genetically Engineered Factor VIII - Safe Help for Hemophiliacs
    9.5 EPO for Kidney Patients and in Sport
    9.6 Interferons for Fighting Viruses and Cancer
    9.7 Interleukins
    9.8 Cancer: Abnor mal Uncontrolled Cell Growth
    9.9 New Cancer Treatments
    9.10 Paclitaxel against Cancer
    9.11 Human Growth Hormone
    9.12 Epidermal Growth Hormone - Wrinkles Disappear and Diabetic Feet Heal
    9.13 Stem Cells, the Ultimate Fountain of Youth?
    9.14 Gene Therapy
    9.15 The Junk Yields its Treasures: RNAi, RNA Interference
    Chapter 10 ANALYTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE HUMAN GENOME
    10.1 Enzyme Tests for Millions of Diabetics
    10.2 Biosensors
    10.3 Microbial Sensors - Yeasts Measuring Water Pollution in Five Minutes
    10.4 Immunological Pregnancy Tests
    10.5 AIDS Tests
    10.6 Myocardial Infarction Tests
    10.7 Point of Care (POC) Tests
    10.8 How DNA Is Analyzed - Gel Electrophoresis Separates DNA Fraents According to Size
    10.9 Life And Death- Genetic Fingerprinting in Establishing Paternity and Investigating Murders
    10.10 DNA Markers- Short Tandem Repeats and SNPs
    10.11 Polymerase Chain Reaction - Copying DNA on a Mega Scale
    10.12 A New Lease of Life for Dinosaurs and Mammoths
    10.13 The Sequencing of Genes
    10.14 Southern Blotting
    10.15 Automatic DNA Sequencing
    10.16 FISH - Identifying the Location on a Chromosome and the Number of Gene Copies
    10.17 The Ultimate Biotechnological Achievement - The Human Genome Project
    10.18 Genetic Genome Maps
    10.19 Physical Genome Mapping
    10.20 Which Method - Contig Versus Shot Gun?
    10.21 The Human Genome Project - Where Do We Go from Here?
    10.22 ... And How Can the Sequence of the Genome Be Understood?
    10.23 Pharmacogenomics
    10.24 DNA Chips
    10.25 Identifying the Causes of Disease - Gene Expression Profiles
    10.26 Proteomics
    10.27 MALDI - A Gas from Protein Ions
    10.28 Aptamers and Protein Chips
    10.29 Is Total Control Over the Human Genome Possible?
    10.30 Quo Vadis, Biotech?