Plant solute transport / edited by Anthony Yeo and Tim Flowers. — Oxford : Blackwell Publishing, c2007.—(58.843/P713s) |
Contents
Contents
Preface Contributors
1 General introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Synopsis
1.3 Concluding remarks
2 Solutes: what are they, where are they and what do they do?
2.1 Solutes: inorganic and organic
2.2 Analysis of inorganic elements
2.3 Solute concentrations
2.4 Organic compounds
2.5 Range of solutes found in plants
2.6 Localisation
2.7 What do they do?
3 The driving forces ofr water and solute movement
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Water
3.3 Free energy and the properties of solutions
3.4 Cell water relations
3.5 Water movement
3.6 Solute movement
3.7 Coupling of water and solute fluxes
4 Membrane structure and the study of solute transport across plant membranes
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Plant membranes
4.3 Studying solute transport across plant membranes
4.4 Transport techniques using intact or semi-intact plant tissue
4.5 Using isolated membranes for transport studies
4.6 Using molecular techniques to inform transport studies
4.7 Combining techniques (an example of increasing resolution and physiological context)
4.8 Future development
4.9 Conclusions
5 Transport across plant membranes
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Passive transport
5.3 Primary active transport
5.4 Secondary active transport
5.5 Concluding remarks
6 Regulation of ion transporters
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Physiological situations requiring the regulation of ion transport
6.3 Molecular mechanism of regulation
6.4 Traffic of ion transporters
6.5 Conclusions and outlook
7 Intracellular transport: solute transport in chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes and vacuoles, and between organelles
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Chloroplasts
7.3 Mitochondria
7.4 Peroxisomes
7.5 Photorespiration: transport between plastids, mitochondria and peroxisomes
7.6 Vacuoles
8 Ion uptake by plant roots
8.l Introduction
8.2 Soil composition
8.3 Root exploration of the soil
8.4 Physical factors affecting root uptake: depletion zones and Donnan potentials
8.5 Radial transport of solutes across the outer part of the root
8.6 Solute uptake from different root zones
8.7 Transport of solutes to the xylem
8.8 The kinetics of solute uptake into roots
8.9 Conclusion References
9 Transport from root to shoot
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Transport of water
9.3 Transport of nutrients
10 Solute transport in the phloem
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Phloem anatomy
10.3 Phloem composition
10.4 Sieve element water relations
10.5 Exploitation by other organisms
10.6 Conclusions
11 Factors limiting the rate of supply of solutes to the root surface
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Supply of nutrients to the root surface
11.3 Acquisition and uptake of nutrients by the root
11.4 Acquisition of phosphorus
11.5 Protected cropping systems: hydroponics as an example of 'ideally' controlled conditions
11.6 Concluding remarks
12 Mineral deficiency and toxicity
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Deficiency and efficiency: iron in alkaline soils
12.3 Phosphate uptake in soils that are low in phosphate
12.4 Toxicity and tolerance-aluminium in acid soils
12.5 Toxicity and tolerance--essential and non-essential metals
12.6 Concluding remarks
13 Water-limited conditions
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Plant responses to reduced water availability
13.3 Mechanisms to reduce water loss: regulation of stomata and regulation of leaf area
13.4 Mechanisms to maintain water potential gradients: osmotic adjustment
13.5 Mechanisms to acquire more water: root properties
13.6 Mechanisms to increase water-use efficiency: C4 and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)
13.7 Gene regulation
13.8 Concluding remarks
14 Salinity
14.l Introduction
14.2 External concentration of salt up to about 50 mM NaC1
14.3 External concentration of salt up to about 100-150 mM NaC1
14.4 External concentration of salt above about 150-200 mM
14.5 'Molecular' tolerance
14.6 Cellular tolerance
14.7 Moving on to a cell in a plant
14.8 Salt glands
14.9 Selectivity at the root
14.10 Transport from root to shoot
14.11 Transport from shoot to root
14.12 Leaf cells
14.13 Prospects
14.14 Concluding remarks References
15 Desiccation tolerance
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Occurrence of desiccation tolerance
15.3 Desiccation tolerance in seeds
15.4 Vegetative tissues
15.5 Concluding remarks
Index
The colour plate section appears after page 78