Advances in genetics. v. 56 / edited by Jeffrey C. Hall ... [et al.]. — San Diego : Elsevier Academic Press, c2006.—(58.14/A244/v.56)

Contents

        Contents
    
    Contributors vii
    1 Biological Activity and Biotechnological Aspects of Peptide Nucleic Acid 1
    I. Introduction 2
    II. PNA: Chemistry and Structure 4
    III. Biological Activity 13
    IV. Biotechnological Aspects of PNA 29
    V. Concluding Remarks 38
    References 38
    2 Changing Images of the Gene 53
    I. Introduction 54
    II. The Hypothetical Gene 55
    III. Physical Concepts of the Gene 57
    IV. Chemical Nature of the Gene 59
    V. The Genetic Code 63
    VI. Structure of the Gene 64
    VII. Molecular Units of the Oene 68
    VIII. Higher Orders of Genes 70
    IX. Gene Number and Gene Size 73
    X. Genes in the Cytoplasm 75
    XI. Epigenetics 78
    XII. Prions 83
    XIII. Conclusions and Outlook 86
    XIV. Epilog 87
    References 88
    3 Historical and Modern Genetics of Plant Graft Hybridization 101
    I. Introduction 102
    II. Historical Background 103
    III. The Existence of Graft Hybrids 107
    IV. Methods of Graft Hybridization 114
    V. Characteristics of Graft Hybridization 115
    VI. Mechanisms Underlying Graft Hybridization
    VII. Significance of Graft Hybridization 120
    VIII. Conclusions 124
    References 125
    4 Step into the Groeve: Engineered Transcription Factors as Modulators of Gene Expression 131
    I. Introduction 132
    II. Transcriptional Therapy 134
    III. Engineered Zinc-Finger-Based Transcription Factors (ZF-TFs) and the Influence of Nucleosomes 148
    IV. Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives 155
    References 156
    5 Step out of the Groove: Epigenetic Gene Control Systems and Engineered Transcription Factors 163
    I. Influence of Epigenetic Mechanisms on Gene Expression 164
    II. How Do ZF-TFs Modulate Epigenetic Gene Regulation? 182
    III. Epigenetic Aspects to Consider for ZF-TF Approaches 191
    References 196
    Index 205